158: _Op. cit._, p. 231.]

[159: I quote this and the following paragraphs verbatim from Garrick
Mallery, "Picture Writing of the American Indians," _10th Annual Report,
1888-89, Bureau of Ethnology (Smithsonian Institute)_. p. 78.]

[160: _Op. cit._, pp. 35 _et seq._]

[161: See de Visser, p. 41.]

[162: There can be no doubt that the Chinese dragon is the descendant of
the early Babylonian monster, and that the inspiration to create it
probably reached Shensi during the third millennium B.C. by the route
indicated in my "Incense and Libations" (_Bull. John Rylands Library_,
vol. iv., No. 2, p. 239). Some centuries later the Indian dragon reached
the Far East via Indonesia and mingled with his Babylonian cousin in
Japan and China.]

[163: "Religious System of China," vol. iii., chap, xii., pp. 936-1056.]

[164: This paragraph is taken almost verbatim from de Visser, _op. cit._
pp. 59 and 60.]

[165: G. E. Gerini, "Researches on Ptolemy's Geography of Eastern Asia,"
_Asiatic Society's Monographs_, No. 1, 1909, p. 146.]

[166: De Visser, p. 102, and de Groot, vi., p. 1265, Plate XVIII. The
reference to "a range of mountains ... as a symbol of the world" recalls
the Egyptian representation of the eastern horizon as two hills between
which Hathor or her son arises (see Budge, "Gods of the Egyptians," vol.
ii., p. 101; and compare Griffith's "Hieroglyphs," p. 30): the same
conception was adopted in Mesopotamia (see Ward, "Seal Cylinders of
Western Asia," fig. 412, p. 156) and in the Mediterranean (see Evans,
"Mycenaean Tree and Pillar Cult," pp. 37 _et seq._). It is a remarkable
fact that Sir Arthur Evans, who, upon p. 64 of his memoir, reproduces
two drawings of the Egyptian "horizon" supporting the sun's disk, should
have failed to recognize in it the prototype of what he calls "the horns
of consecration". Even if the confusion of the "horizon" with a cow's
horns was very ancient (for the horns of the Divine Cow supporting the
moon made this inevitable), this rationalization should not blind us as
to the real origin of the idea, which is preserved in the ancient
Egyptian, Babylonian, Cretan and Chinese pictures (see Fig. 26, facing
p. 188).]

[167: De Visser, p. 103.]

[168: P. 104. The Chinese triquetrum has a circle in the centre and five
or eight commas.]

[169: See on this my paper "The Origin of Early Siberian Civilization,"
now being published in the _Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester
Literary