m; which
is, as in the case of the _a_, to print them in italic types, for which,
when the remainder of the word is in italic, small capitals are
substituted, thus: _O_ful (awful); _U_rgent; or, in case the whole word
is intended to be italicized, for the sake of emphasis, O_ful_,
U_rgent_. In script or handwriting, the italic Letter is marked by
underscoring a single line, and the small capital by underscoring two
lines.

_O_ (aw) is the fullest of the Vowel-Sounds. It is made with the mouth
still farther open than when we say A (ah), and somewhat farther back;
or, rather, with the cavity enlarged in all directions, and especially
deepened. The mouth is stretched in all ways to its utmost capacity,
giving a hollow, vacant effect to the voice, instead of the rich, mellow
and substantial sound of the A (ah). The Sound so produced is,
nevertheless, on the one hand, a broader quality of the A (ah), and
there is a strong tendency on the part of the A (ah) to degenerate into
it, as when the uneducated German, says _Yaw_ for _Ja_ (yah). On the
other hand, this sound has something of the quality of O. It is,
therefore, intermediate in quality between A (ah) and O. In respect to
meaning, it is the Type, Analogue, Equivalent, or Representative of
Volume or SPACE, whether filled or unfilled by Substance. That is to
say, it is the Analogue of Space, not in the sense in which we formerly
regarded Space as the _negation_ of Matter; but in the sense of
_Infinite Dimensionality_, or of Dimensionality in all directions, as a
vague generalization from the three special dimensions _Length_,
_Breadth_, and _Thickness_. It is, therefore, round or ball-like, and
huge, and, in respect to the nature of the tone, vague and vacant.

Space _as mere nothing_ has no Letter-Sign in the Alphabet; but is
represented by the blank types or spaces used by the printer to separate
his syllables and words, as shown heretofore. Space _as a Department of
Reality_, as one of the _Realities_ of the Universe, a bastard or
semi-Reality it is true, but nevertheless, belonging to that Domain, is
denoted by the Vowel-Sound _o_ (aw).

The Sound _u_ (uh, _u_ in c_u_rd), the fifth of the Scale, is called
among Phoneticians, the _Natural_ Vowel. It is the simple, unmodulated
or unformed vocal breath permitted to flow forth from the throat or
larynx with no effort to produce any specific sound. It is the mere
grunt, a little prolonged; the unwrought material out of w