uthority of the state, to revenge his personal injuries,
Julian contented himself with an inoffensive mode of retaliation, which
it would be in the power of few princes to employ. He had been insulted
by satires and libels; in his turn, he composed, under the title of
the Enemy of the Beard, an ironical confession of his own faults, and a
severe satire on the licentious and effeminate manners of Antioch. This
Imperial reply was publicly exposed before the gates of the palace; and
the Misopogon [20] still remains a singular monument of the resentment,
the wit, the humanity, and the indiscretion of Julian. Though he
affected to laugh, he could not forgive. [21] His contempt was
expressed, and his revenge might be gratified, by the nomination of a
governor [22] worthy only of such subjects; and the emperor, forever
renouncing the ungrateful city, proclaimed his resolution to pass the
ensuing winter at Tarsus in Cilicia. [23]

[Footnote 15: Julian states three different proportions, of five,
ten, or fifteen medii of wheat for one piece of gold, according to the
degrees of plenty and scarcity, (in Misopogon, p. 369.) From this fact,
and from some collateral examples, I conclude, that under the successors
of Constantine, the moderate price of wheat was about thirty-two
shillings the English quarter, which is equal to the average price
of the sixty-four first years of the present century. See Arbuthnot's
Tables of Coins, Weights, and Measures, p. 88, 89. Plin. Hist. Natur.
xviii. 12. Mem. de l'Academie des Inscriptions, tom. xxviii. p. 718-721.
Smith's Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations,
vol. i. p 246. This last I am proud to quote as the work of a sage and a
friend.]

[Footnote 16: Nunquam a proposito declinabat, Galli similis fratris,
licet incruentus. Ammian. xxii. 14. The ignorance of the most
enlightened princes may claim some excuse; but we cannot be satisfied
with Julian's own defence, (in Misopogon, p. 363, 369,) or the elaborate
apology of Libanius, (Orat. Parental c. xcvii. p. 321.)]

[Footnote 17: Their short and easy confinement is gently touched by
Libanius, (Orat. Parental. c. xcviii. p. 322, 323.)]

[Footnote 18: Libanius, (ad Antiochenos de Imperatoris ira, c. 17, 18,
19, in Fabricius, Bibliot. Graec. tom. vii. p. 221-223,) like a skilful
advocate, severely censures the folly of the people, who suffered for
the crime of a few obscure and drunken wretches.]

[Footnote 19: Libanius (