370-382.)
His analysis of the two campaigns in Spain and Africa is the noblest
monument that has ever been raised to the fame of Caesar.]

[Footnote 118: M. d'Anville (see his Maps, and l'Euphrate et le Tigre,
p. 92, 93) traces their march, and assigns the true position of Hatra,
Ur, and Thilsaphata, which Ammianus has mentioned. ----He does not
complain of the Samiel, the deadly hot wind, which Thevenot (Voyages,
part ii. l. i. p. 192) so much dreaded. ----Hatra, now Kadhr. Ur, Kasr
or Skervidgi. Thilsaphata is unknown--M.]

[Footnote 119: The retreat of Jovian is described by Ammianus, (xxv.
9,) Libanius, (Orat. Parent. c. 143, p. 365,) and Zosimus, (l. iii. p.
194.)]

The friends of Julian had confidently announced the success of his
expedition. They entertained a fond persuasion that the temples of the
gods would be enriched with the spoils of the East; that Persia would
be reduced to the humble state of a tributary province, governed by the
laws and magistrates of Rome; that the Barbarians would adopt the dress,
and manners, and language of their conquerors; and that the youth of
Ecbatana and Susa would study the art of rhetoric under Grecian masters.
[120] The progress of the arms of Julian interrupted his communication
with the empire; and, from the moment that he passed the Tigris, his
affectionate subjects were ignorant of the fate and fortunes of their
prince. Their contemplation of fancied triumphs was disturbed by the
melancholy rumor of his death; and they persisted to doubt, after
they could no longer deny, the truth of that fatal event. [121] The
messengers of Jovian promulgated the specious tale of a prudent and
necessary peace; the voice of fame, louder and more sincere, revealed
the disgrace of the emperor, and the conditions of the ignominious
treaty. The minds of the people were filled with astonishment and grief,
with indignation and terror, when they were informed, that the unworthy
successor of Julian relinquished the five provinces which had been
acquired by the victory of Galerius; and that he shamefully surrendered
to the Barbarians the important city of Nisibis, the firmest bulwark of
the provinces of the East. [122] The deep and dangerous question, how
far the public faith should be observed, when it becomes incompatible
with the public safety, was freely agitated in popular conversation;
and some hopes were entertained that the emperor would redeem his
pusillanimous behavior by a splendi