e to the civil servants, and the
salaries of the judges of the supreme courts in Ireland.

Some provisions of importance remain to be noticed. Judges of the
superior and county courts in Ireland are to be removable from office
only on address to the Crown, presented by both orders of the
Legislative body voting separately. Existing Civil servants are retained
in their offices at their existing salaries; if the Irish Government
desire their retirement, they will be entitled to pensions; on the other
hand, if at the end of two years the officers themselves wish to retire,
they can do so, and will be entitled to the same pensions as if their
office had been abolished. The pensions are payable by the
Receiver-General out of the Irish account above mentioned.

The supremacy of the Imperial Parliament over all parts of the Empire is
an inherent quality of which Parliament cannot divest itself, inasmuch
as it cannot bind its successors or prevent them from repealing any
prior Act. In order, however, to prevent any misapprehension on this
point clause 37 was inserted, the efficacy of which, owing in great
measure to a misprint, has been doubted. It is enough to state here that
it was intended by express legislation to reserve all powers to the
Imperial Parliament, and had the Bill gone into Committee the question
would have been placed beyond the reach of cavil by a slight alteration
in the wording of the clause. This summary may be concluded by the
statement that the appellate jurisdiction of the House of Lords over
actions and suits arising in Ireland (except in respect of
constitutional questions reserved for the determination of the Judicial
Committee of the Privy Council as explained above), and with respect to
claims for Irish Peerages, is preserved intact.

The object of the Land Bill was a political one: to promote the
contentment of the people, and the cause of good government in Ireland,
by settling once and for ever the vexed question relating to land. To do
this effectually it was necessary to devise a system under which the
tenants, as a class, should become interested in the maintenance of
social order, and be furnished with substantial inducements to rally
round the institutions of their country. On the other hand, it was just
and right that the landlords should participate in the benefits of any
measure proposed for remedying the evils attendant upon the tenure of
land in Ireland; and should be enabled to rid