; this shall be determined by judgment of his peers in
our court.}

[XXXVII. SUBSIDY IN RESPECT OF THIS CHARTER, AND THE CHARTER OF
THE FOREST, GRANTED TO THE KING.]

ESCUAGE [SHIELD MILITARY SERVICE] FROM HENCEFORTH SHALL BE TAKEN
AS IT WAS WONT TO BE IN THE TIME OF KING HENRY [II] OUR
GRANDFATHER; RESERVING TO ALL ARCHBISHOPS, BISHOPS, ABBOTS,
PRIORS, TEMPLERS, HOSPITALLERS, EARLS, BARONS, AND ALL PERSONS AS
WELL SPIRITUAL AS TEMPORAL; ALL THEIR FREE LIBERTIES AND FREE
CUSTOMS, WHICH THEY HAVE HAD IN TIME PASSED. AND ALL THESE CUSTOMS
AND LIBERTIES AFORESAID, WHICH WE HAVE GRANTED TO BE HELD WITHIN
THIS OUR REALM, AS MUCH AS PERTAINS TO US AND OUR HEIRS, WE SHALL
OBSERVE.

{All the customs and liberties aforesaid, which we have granted to
be enjoyed, as far as it pertains to us towards our people
throughout our realm, let all our subjects, whether clerics or
laymen, observe, as far as it pertains toward their dependents.}

AND ALL MEN OF THIS OUR REALM, AS WELL SPIRITUAL AS TEMPORAL (AS
MUCH AS IN THEM IS) SHALL OBSERVE THE SAME AGAINST ALL PERSONS IN
LIKE WISE. AND FOR THIS OUR GIFT AND GRANT OF THESE LIBERTIES, AND
OF OTHER CONSTRAINED IN OUR CHARTER OF LIBERTIES OF OUR FOREST,
THE ARCHBISHOPS, BISHOPS, ABBOTS, PRIORS, EARLS, BARONS, KNIGHTS,
FREEHOLDERS, AND OUR OTHER SUBJECTS, HAVE GIVEN UNTO US THE
FIFTEENTH PART OF ALL THEIR MOVABLES. AND WE HAVE GRANTED UNTO
THEM ON THE OTHER PART, THAT NEITHER WE, NOR OUR HEIRS, SHALL
PROCURE OR DO ANY THING WHEREBY THE LIBERTIES IN THIS CHARTER
CONTAINED SHALL BE INFRINGED OR BROKEN. AND IF ANY THING BE
PROCURED BY ANY PERSON CONTRARY TO THE PREMISES, IT SHALL BE HAD
OF NO FORCE NOR EFFECT.

[ENFORCEMENT]

{Whereas we, for the honor of God and the reform of our realm, and
in order the better to allay the discord arisen between us and our
barons, have granted all these things aforesaid. We, willing that
they be forever enjoyed wholly and in lasting strength, do give
and grant to our subjects the following security, to wit, that the
barons shall elect any twenty-five barons of the realm they wish,
who shall, with their utmost power, keep, hold, and cause to be
kept the peace and liberties which we have granted unto them and
by this our present Charter have confirmed, so that if we, our
Justiciary, bailiffs, or any of our ministers offends in any
respect against any man, or transgresses any of these articles of
peace or security, and the offense is brought before four