Doget holds half an acre of land and a cottage, which were
those of R. the miller, and owes at the feast of St. Michael 18d.,
attendance, relief, and heriot. Thomas le Brod holds one acre and
a cottage and owes at the said term 3s., attendance, relief, and
heriot. Agnes of Cayworth holds half an acre and a cottage and
owes at the said term 18d., attendance, relief, and heriot. Total
of the rents of the said cottagers, with the value of the hens,
34s.6d. And it is to be noted that all the said cottagers shall do
as regards giving their daughters in marriage, having their sons
tonsured, cutting down timber, paying heriot, and giving fines for
entrance, just as John of Cayworth and the rest of the villeins
above mentioned." The above fines and penalties, with heriots and
reliefs, are worth 5s. yearly.

Often one village was divided up among two or more manors, so
different manorial customs made living conditions different among
the villagers. Villages usually had carpenters, smiths, saddlers,
thatchers, carters, fullers, dyers, soapmakers, tanners, needlers,
and brassworkers. Each villein had his own garden in which to grow
fruit and vegetables next to his house, a pig (which fattened more
quickly than other animals), strips in the common field, and
sometimes an assart [a few acres of his own to cultivate as he
pleased on originally rough uncultivated waste land beyond the
common fields and the enclosed common pastures and meadows]. Most
villeins did not venture beyond their village except for about ten
miles to a local shrine or great fair a couple times a year. At
the fair might be fish, honey, spices, salt, garlic, oil, furs,
silks, canvas, soap, pans, pots, grindstones, coal, nails, tar,
iron, shovels, brushes, pails, horses, and packsaddles. Early
apothecaries might sell potions there. Men and women looking for
other employment might attend to indicate their availability.

Under Edward I, villages were required to mount watches to protect
life and property and were called upon to provide one man for the
army and to pay his wages.

People told time by counting the number of rings of the church
bell, which rang on the hour. Every Sunday, the villagers went to
church, which was typically the most elaborate and centrally
located building in the village. The parishioners elected
churchwardens, who might be women. This religion brought comfort
and hope of going to heaven after judgment by God at death if sin
was avoid