the last will
of the emperor, appointing Catherine Dolgoruki his successor, but
shortly afterwards abandoned the nefarious scheme as impracticable, and
was one of the first to support the election of Anne of Courland to the
throne on condition that she first signed nine "articles of limitation,"
which left the supreme power in the hands of the Russian council. Anne,
who repudiated the "articles" on the first opportunity, never forgave
Dolgoruki for this. He was deprived of all his offices and dignities on
the 17th of April 1730, and banished first to his country seat and then
to the Solovetsky monastery. Nine years later the charge of forging the
will of Peter II. was revived against him, and he was tortured and then
beheaded at Novgorod on the 8th of November 1739.

See Robert Nisbet Bain, _The Pupils of Peter the Great_ (London,
1895). (R. N. B.)

DOLHAIN, the most eastern town of Belgium, situated on the Vesdre, N. E.
of Verviers and close to the Prussian frontier. Pop. (1904) 4757. It is
quite a modern town, occupying the site of the lower town of the ancient
city of Limburg, which was destroyed by Louis XIV. in 1675. On a rocky
eminence above Dolhain are still to be seen the fine ruins of the old
castle of Limburg, the cradle of the ancient family of that name from
which sprang the Luxemburg family and several emperors of Germany. The
Gothic church of St George of the 13th century has been restored. At a
short distance from Dolhain is the famous dam of the Gileppe, the vast
reservoir constructed to supply Verviers with water free from lime for
its cloth manufactures. The aqueduct from Gileppe to Verviers is nearly
5-1/2 m. in length.

DOLICHOCEPHALIC (long-headed), a term invented by Andreas Retzius to
denote (as opposed to "brachycephalic") those skulls the diameter of
which from side to side, or the transverse diameter, is small in
comparison with the longitudinal diameter or that from front to back.
Retzius, though inventing the term, did not define it precisely. Paul
Broca applied it to skulls having a cephalic index of seventy-five and
under, and this limit is generally adopted. Dolichocephaly, according to
Retzius, was the distinctive cranial feature of the earliest inhabitants
of Europe. To-day it is characteristic of the negro races, of the
Papuans, the Polynesians and the Australians, though among the negritos
and some of the pigmy races of Africa brachycephalic skulls are the
rule.