. 142, 143, and quoted in Nitobe's
_Intercourse between the United States and Japan_. "The reason the
Tycoon breaks his promise is because he cannot keep it, and the
reason he cannot keep it, is because he had no right to give it."

275 See Nitobe's _Intercourse between the United States and Japan_, p.
59.

276 Prince Hotta was at this time president of the Council of State
(_Gorojiu_) and had charge of this first audience. I have seen in
the possession of his descendant, the present occupant of the
beautiful family _yashiki_ in Tokyo, the original of the memorandum
showing the arrangement of the rooms through which Mr. Harris was to
pass, and the position where he was to stand during the delivery of
his congratulatory remarks.

277 In a despatch to the Secretary of State, dated November 25, 1856,
Mr. Harris explains the condition of the negotiations in reference
to a commercial treaty. He narrates his interview at Hongkong with
Sir John Bowring, who told him that he was empowered to negotiate a
commercial treaty. Mr. Harris shrewdly observes: "I shall call their
(the Japanese government's) attention to the fact that by making a
treaty with me they would save the point of honor that must arise
from their apparently yielding to the force that backs the
plenipotentiary and not to the justice of their demands."

278 Although Kanagawa was made an open port for trade by these treaties,
the adjoining village of Yokohama was found practically better
suited for the purpose. The very proximity of Kanagawa to the
_Tokaido_, which led foreigners to prefer it when the treaties were
made, proved to be an objection in the disordered times that
followed. On this account Yokohama rapidly rose to the importance
which it still holds.

279 The word means Curtain Government, in reference to the curtain with
which the camp of a general was surrounded. The term is equivalent
to Military Government, and is used to designate the shogun's as
distinguished from the emperor's court.

280 See _The Life of Ii Naosuke_, by Shimada Saburo, Tokyo, 1888; also
the _Constitutional Development of Japan_, by Toyokichi Iyenaga,
Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University, 1891, p. 15.

281 Mr. Heusken who had gone to Japan with Mr. Townsend Harris in 1858
was a Hollander