n which
Prof. J. H. Wigmore has undertaken to publish the material
discovered by him, with a valuable introduction on the
"Administrative and Commercial Institutions of Old Japan."

260 See Whitney's "Notes on Medical Progress in Japan," _Asiatic Society
Transactions_, vol. xii., part 4, p. 276.

261 See a description of this process in Kaempfer's _History of Japan_,
and also in Whitney's "Medical Progress," _Asiatic Society
Transactions_, vol. xii., part 4, p. 289.

262 See Griffis' _Life of Matthew Calbraith Perry_, p. 296.

263 The term emperor was employed in this letter in accordance with the
usage of the Jesuit Fathers, the Dutch writers, and William Adams,
all of whom designated the shogun as emperor, although this term
could be properly applied only to the Tenno at Kyoto.

_ 264 Official Narrative of the Japan Expedition_, vol. i., p. 80.

_ 265 Official Narrative of the Japan Expedition_, vol. i., p. 231.

266 See the _Official Narrative of the Japan Expedition_, vol i., p. 233
_et seq_; also Griffis' _Life of M. C. Perry_, p. 314 _et seq_; also
Bayard Taylor's _India, China, and Japan_, 1855, p. 411 _et seq_.

267 I have received from Mr. F. S. Conover, who was a member of the
Japan expedition as lieutenant of the navy, many interesting details
of experiences in Yedo which I have incorporated in my account.

268 "The question of landing by force was left to be decided by the
development of succeeding events; it was of course the very last
measure to be resorted to, and the last that was to be desired; but
in order to be prepared for the worst, the Commodore caused the
ships constantly to be kept in perfect readiness, and the crews to
be drilled as thoroughly as they are in the time of active
war."--_Japan Expedition_, vol. i., p. 235.

269 See the _Kinse Shiriaku_, a history of Japan from 1853 to 1869,
translated by E. M. Satow, Yokohama, 1876.

270 See Nitobe's _Intercourse between the United States and Japan_, p.
39.

271 See _Treaties and Conventions between Japan and Other Powers_, p.
735.

272 See the _Constitutional Development of Japan_, by Toyokichi Iyenaga,
Ph.D., Johns Hopkins Press, 1891, p. 12.

273 See p. 279.

274 See selections from a pamphlet by a German resident at Yokohama
given in Mossman's _New Japan_, pp