by birth. The Dutch language at that time was almost
the only medium through which communication could be had with the
Japanese. A native interpreter turned the sentiment into Dutch, and
then a person who understood both Dutch and English translated it
into the latter tongue. This circuitous system of interpretation
was, however, soon remedied by native scholars learning English, and
by English and American scholars learning Japanese.

282 See _American Diplomatic Correspondence_, November 27, 1861.

283 A full account of this affair may be found in Alcock's _Capital of
the Tycoon_, and in the _Life of Laurence Oliphant_.

284 A translation of this paper cited from the correspondence presented
to Parliament is given in Adams' _History of Japan_, vol. i., p.
138.

285 See Adams' _History of Japan_, vol. i., p. 139.

286 In Mr. Satow's translation of _Kinse Shiriaku_ (p. 18) it is said
that the _bakufu_ ordered the house of Mito to arrest the men who
had broken into the English temple residence, but they made their
escape into Oshiu and Dewa.

287 See the account of the negotiations of this embassy with Earl
Russell in Adams' _History of Japan_, vol. i., p. 177 _et seq._

288 One of the officials naively told the American minister when
speaking of the reception of the embassy in the United States: "We
did not believe you when you told us of the friendly feeling of your
country for us; but we now see that all you said was true."

289 The daimyo was really his own son who had been adopted by his
brother, the former daimyo, and who on the death of his brother had
succeeded him as daimyo. Shimazu Saburo was therefore legally the
uncle of his own son.

290 Dr. J. C. Hepburn, a resident in Kanagawa at this time, attended to
the wounded men at the U. S. Consulate. In a letter to me after
reading the above account, he says that, "it was the common report
at the time that Richardson did ride into Satsuma's train and that
he (Satsuma) said, 'Kill him.' It was the general belief that
Richardson brought the whole catastrophe on himself."

291 In addition to Terashima there were in the company Mori Arinori,
Yoshida Kiyonari, Hatakeyama Yoshinari, and others. They became
deeply imbued with the spirit of western institutions and with the
principles