uffrage.
The work of getting it out was engineered by Mrs. Crowley, Mrs. Page
and Mrs. Mary Ware Dennett, who also arranged the great procession at
the hearing of the following year.

[86] Among the speakers at the overflow meetings on the steps were the
Misses Rendell and Costello, Miss Foley, Mrs. George F. Lowell, Mr.
Blackwell, Mrs. Fitzgerald, John Golden and Franklin H. Wentworth. At
the overflow meeting on the Common Mrs. Fitzgerald presided and Dr.
Shaw was the chief speaker. A great meeting in Faneuil Hall had been
addressed by Dr. Shaw and others the night before.

CHAPTER XXI.

MICHIGAN.[87]

The Michigan Equal Suffrage Association is almost as old as any in the
United State, having been organized in January, 1870, eight months
after the National Association was formed, and its work has been long
and arduous. It has had triumphs and disappointments; gained partial
suffrage at two periods and ended in a complete victory in 1918.

In 1900-1901 the principal efforts of the association, which consisted
of 14 auxiliaries, were along educational lines. At the annual
convention in 1902 a petition was sent to President Theodore Roosevelt
to recommend a woman suffrage amendment to the National Constitution
in his message to Congress, which was heartily endorsed by the
National Grange then in session in Lansing. Little active work was
being done with the Legislature but it is the pride of the suffragists
that no Legislature ever convened which they did not memorialize and
only two years passed without a State convention--1912, and two were
held in 1913; and 1917, when a congressional conference was held
instead.[88] The presidents during these years were Mrs. Emily Burton
Ketcham, Grand Rapids, 1901 (at intervals from 1892); Mrs. Martha E.
Snyder Root, Bay City, 1902-3; Mrs. Guilielma H. Barnum, Charlotte,
1904-6; Mrs. Clara B. Arthur, Detroit, 1906-1914; Mrs. Orton H. Clark,
Kalamazoo, 1914-1918; Mrs. Belle Brotherton, Detroit, acting
president, 1918; Mrs. Percy J. Farrell, Detroit, 1918-1919.

From 1902 to 1906 the work was largely confined to the preparing of
public opinion for the probable revision of the State constitution.
Legislatures refused to submit a woman suffrage amendment to the
voters on the plea that a new constitution would soon be in force. It
was decided to make an intensive educational campaign, especially
among the club women. To this end suffragists served on club
committees workin