ose of 1912, and 13,000 of
these were in counties having a "wet" and "dry" issue.

The preceding year the liquor forces had not realized the need of
active work. Never in any other State campaign did these forces make
so open a fight as in this one. They paid for columns of space in the
newspapers and circulated vast quantities of the literature prepared
by the women's Anti-Suffrage Association. This was in piles on the
bars of the saloons and, according to reports, in even more
questionable places. The defeat was not due so much to a change in
public opinion as it was to an absence of the favorable vote which had
been called out in the previous year by reason of the presidential
election.

After the election county chairmen and all suffragists were asked to
urge their representatives in Congress to support the Federal
Amendment. This was followed by a trip through the State by Mrs.
Blair, who contributed her services, and at the convention in Jackson,
in 1913, she reported that there were now only four counties, all in
the Upper Peninsula, where there was no record of active workers. Mrs.
Arthur was reelected.[90]

Although recovering from two successive defeats the association found
itself in 1914 able to carry on more systematic work than had ever
been attempted. In February a monthly magazine, the _Michigan
Suffragist_, was established with Mrs. Blair editor. At the convention
in Traverse City Nov. 4-6, 1914, Mrs. Orton H. Clark was elected
president and the State board adopted her scheme for financing the
association, which was successfully carried forward by the finance
chairman, Mrs. J. G. Macpherson of Saginaw. It consisted in the
apportionment of a fixed revenue on the basis of ten cents from each
taxpaying woman, of whom there were 100,302 in the State. More than
one-third of the counties met all or a part of their apportionment,
which enabled the president to open headquarters in a business
building in Kalamazoo, employ an executive secretary and an organizer
and engage Mrs. Robertson Hale for a series of lectures.

Much of the effort during the early months of 1915 was directed toward
securing Municipal suffrage, which necessitated active work by the
Legislative Committee, Dr. Blanche M. Haines of Three Rivers,
chairman. An attempt was made to organize according to congressional
districts; chairmen were found for ten of the thirteen and a number of
district conferences were held. All State and national