at a right angle around the slip of glass and fastened it to
the wooden wall of the hive![90]

[90] Huber, Vol. II. p. 230; quoted also by Kirby and Spence, _loc.
cit. ante_, p. 582.

It is folly to suppose that bees have an instinctive knowledge of glass,
hence we are forced to conclude that they were governed in this instance
solely by reason.

Furthermore, as the inner surface of the comb was concave, and the outer
surface convex, the bees made the cells on the former much smaller, and
those on the latter much larger, than usual!

"How, as Huber asks, can we comprehend the mode in which such a crowd of
laborers, occupied at the same time on the edge of the comb, could agree
to give it the same curvature from one extremity to the other; or how
could they arrange together to construct on one face cells so small,
while on the other they imparted to them such enlarged dimensions?"[91]

[91] Kirby and Spence, _loc. cit. ante_, pp. 582, 583.

Surely, no "variation of instinct," however complex, can possibly
account for such a deviation from the normal!

It is hardly necessary to give more evidence as to the presence of
reason in the psychical organisms of the lower animals; I believe that I
have clearly demonstrated that some of them do make use of intelligent
ratiocination. To prove that this view, _i.e._ that the lower animals
reason, is widely held, I need only point to the works of such men as
Darwin, Buechner, Forel, Huber, Lubbock, Hartmann, Kirby and Spence, and
dozens of others.[92]

[92] Darwin, _Descent of Man_; Romanes, _Animal Intelligence_, _Mental
Evolution in Animals_, _Mental Evolution in Man_; Lubbock, _Senses,
Instincts, and Intelligence of Animals_, and _Ants, Bees, and Wasps_;
Hartmann, _Anthropoid Apes_; Buechner, _Geistesleben der Thiere_;
Huber, _Natural History of Ants_, etc.

We have seen that the lower animals seem to possess very near, if not
quite, all of the _fundamental_ psychical habitudes of the highest
animal of all--_Homo sapiens_; we will now proceed to study certain
psychical attributes in the possession of the lower animals which man
has lost in the process of evolution. These attributes will be embraced
under the heading of Auxiliary Senses.

CHAPTER VIII

AUXILIARY SENSES

When we come to examine the methods by which, or through which, many of
the lower animals protect themselves from their enemies, we soon
discover that some of these means are v