men, well furnished presumably with firelocks, bullets,
and powder-horns, went into this hinterland. At intervals there followed
other hardy folk. Quakers, subject to persecution in old Virginia,
fled into these wilds. The name Carolina grew to mean backwoods,
frontiersman's land. Here were forest and stream, Indian and bear and
wolf, blue waters of sound and sea, long outward lying reefs and shoals
and islets, fertile soil and a clime neither hot nor cold. Slowly the
people increased in number. Families left settled Virginia for the
wilderness; men without families came there for reasons good and bad.
Their cabins, their tiny hamlets were far apart; they practised a
hazardous agriculture; they hunted, fished, and traded with the Indians.
The isolation of these settlers bred or increased their personal
independence, while it robbed them of that smoothness to be gained where
the social particles rub together. This part of South Virginia was soon
to be called North Carolina.

Far down the coast was Cape Fear. In the year of the Restoration a
handful of New England men came here in a ship and made a settlement
which, not prospering, was ere long abandoned. But New Englanders traded
still in South Virginia as along other coasts. Seafarers, they entered
at this inlet and at that, crossed the wide blue sounds, and,
anchoring in mouths of rivers, purchased from the settlers their forest
commodities. Then over they ran to the West Indies, and got in exchange
sugar and rum and molasses, with which again they traded for tobacco in
Carolina, in Virginia, and in Maryland. These ships went often to New
Providence in the Bahamas and to Barbados. There began, through trade
and other circumstances, a special connection between the long coast
line and these islands that were peopled by the English. The restored
Kingdom of England had many adherents to reward. Land in America,
islands and main, formed the obvious Fortunatus's purse. As the second
Charles had divided Virginia for the benefit of Arlington and Culpeper,
so now, in 1663, to "our right trusty and right well-beloved cousins and
counsellors, Edward, Earl of Clarendon, our High Chancellor of England,
and George, Duke of Albemarle, Master of our Horse and CaptainGeneral of
all our Forces, our right trusty and well-beloved William, Lord Craven,
John, Lord Berkeley, our right trusty and well-beloved counsellor,
Anthony, Lord Ashley, Chancellor of our Exchequer, Sir George Carteret,