toms,
but his governmental rights were absorbed into the monarchy. Sir Lionel
Copley came out as Royal Governor, and a new order began in Maryland.

The heyday of Catholic freedom was past. England would have a Protestant
America. Episcopalians were greatly in the minority, but their Church
now became dominant over both Catholic and Dissenter, and where the
freethinker raised his head he was smitten down. Catholic and Dissenter
and all alike were taxed to keep stable the Established Church. The old
tolerance, such as it was, was over. Maryland paced even with the rest
of the world.

Presently the old capital of St. Mary's was abandoned. The government
removed to the banks of the Severn, to Providence--soon, when Anne
should be Queen, to be renamed Annapolis. In vain the inhabitants of
St. Mary's remonstrated. The center of political gravity in Maryland had
shifted.

The third Lord Baltimore died in 1715. His son Benedict, fourth lord,
turned from the Catholic Church and became a member of the Church of
England. Dying presently, he left a young son, Charles, fifth Lord
Baltimore, to be brought up in the fold of the Established Church.
Reconciled now to the dominant creed, with a Maryland where Catholics
were heavily penalized, Baltimore resumed the government under favor of
the Crown. But it was a government with a difference. In Maryland, as
everywhere, the people were beginning to hold the reins. Not again the
old lord and the old underling! For years to come the lords would say
that they governed, but strong life arose beneath, around, and above
their governing.

Maryland had by 1715 within her bounds more than forty thousand white
men and nearly ten thousand black men. She still planted and shipped
tobacco, but presently found how well she might raise wheat, and
that it, too, was valuable to send away in exchange for all kinds of
manufactured things. Thus Maryland began to be a land of wheat still
more than a land of tobacco.

For the rest, conditions of life in Maryland paralleled pretty closely
those in Virginia. Maryland was almost wholly rural; her plantations
and farms were reached with difficulty by roads hardly more than
bridle-paths, or with ease by sailboat and rowboat along the innumerable
waterways. Though here and there manors--large, easygoing, patriarchal
places, with vague, feudal ways and customs--were to be found, the
moderate sized plantation was the rule. Here stood, in sight usually of
blue