Venturi's extracts from Da Vinci's MMS. now in Library
of Institute of France. They are not mentioned by Brocchi, and my
attention was first called to them by Mr. Hallam. L. da Vinci
died A. D. 1519.

[41] Museum Calceol.--See Brocchi's Discourse on the Progress of
the Study of Fossil Conchology in Italy, where some of the
following notices on Italian writers will be found more at large.

[42] In Sicily, in particular, the title-deeds of many valuable
grants of land to the monasteries are headed by such preambles,
composed by the testators about the period when the good King
Roger was expelling the Saracens from that island.

[43] De Fossilib. pp. 109, 176.

[44] Aristotle, On Animals, chaps. 1, 15.

[45] Brocchi, Con. Fos. Subap. Disc, sui Progressi. vol. i. p.
57.

[46] De Metallicis.

[47] Dies Caniculares.

[48] Storia Naturale.

[49] Osserv. sugli Animali aquat. e terrest. 1626.

[50] Sex itaque distinctas Etruriae facies agnoscimus, dum bis
fluida, bis plana, et sicca, bis aspera fuerit, &c.

[51] Scilla quotes the remark of Cicero on the story that a stone
in Chios had been cleft open, and presented the head of Paniscus
in relief:--"I believe," said the orator, "that the figure bore
some resemblance to Paniscus, but not such that you would have
deemed it sculptured by Scopas; for chance never perfectly
imitates the truth."

[52] De Testaceis fossilibus Mus. Septaliani.

[53] The opinions of Boyle, alluded to by Quirini, were published
a few years before, in a short article entitled "On the Bottom of
the Sea." From observations collected from the divers of the
pearl fishery, Boyle inferred that, when the waves were six or
seven feet high above the surface of the water, there were no
signs of agitation at the depth of fifteen fathoms; and that even
during heavy gales of wind, the motion of the water was
exceedingly diminished at the depth of twelve or fifteen feet. He
had also learnt from some of his informants, that there were
currents running in opposite directions at different
depths.--Boyle's Works, vol. iii. p. 110. London, 1744.

[54] See Conybeare and Phillips, "Outlines of the Geology of
England and Wales," p. 12.

[55] Unde jam duplex ori