found with the extinct elephant, &c. in the modern freshwater
beds at Grays Thurrock (Essex), in the valley of the Thames.

[129] Geol. Proceedings, No. xxxvi. June, 1834.

[130] Phil. Mag., Sept. 1829, and Jan. 1830.

[131] Fleming, Ed. New Phil. Journ., No. xii. p. 282, 1829. The
zebra, however, inhabits chiefly the extra-tropical parts of
Africa.

[132] Humboldt, Fragmens de Gaologie, &c., tome ii. p. 388.
Ehrenberg, Ann. des Sci. Nat., tome xxi. p. 387.

[133] Ehrenberg, ibid. p. 390.

[134] Journ. of Asiat. Soc., vol. i. p. 240.

[135] Rafinesque, Atlantic Journ., p. 18.

[136] Darwin's Journal of Travels in South America, &c., 1832
to 1836, in Voyage of H. M. S. Beagle, p. 159.

[137] Ehrenberg, ibid.

[138] The speculations which follow, on the ancient physical
geography of Siberia, and its former fitness as a residence for
the mammoth, were first given in their present form in my 4th
edition, June, 1835. Recently Sir R. Murchison and his
companions in their great work on the Geology of Russia, 1845
(vol. i. p. 497), have, in citing this chapter, declared that
their investigations have led them to similar conclusions.
Professor Owen, in his excellent History of British Fossil
Mammalia, 1844, p. 261, _et seq._, observes that the teeth of
the mammoth differ from those of the living Asiatic or African
elephant in having a larger proportion of dense enamel, which
may have enabled it to subsist on the coarser ligneous tissues
of trees and shrubs. In short, he is of opinion, that the
structure of its teeth, as well as the nature of its epidermis
and coverings, may have made it "a meet companion for the
reindeer."

[139] Pallas, Reise in Russ. Reiche, pp. 409, 410.

[140] Nov. Com. Petrop. vol. xvii. p. 584.

[141] Nov. Com. Petrop. vol. xvii. p. 591.

[142] Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Lond. vol. iv. p. 10, Memoirs.

[143] Journal du Nord, St. Petersburg, 1807.

[144] Fleming, Ed. New Phil. Journ., No. xii. p. 285.
Bishop Heber informs us (Narr. of a Journey through the Upper
Provinces of India, vol. ii. p. 166-219), that in the lower
range of the Himalaya mountains, in the northeastern borders of
the Delhi territory, between lat. 29 degrees and 30 degrees, he
saw an Indian e