ountries, so as to aid in
defending them against the enemies. The establishment of colonies in
distant districts was therefore a tried and familiar custom of those who
possessed the wonderful governmental plan we have been studying.

I have shown that the greater the prosperity of a civilized community
organized on this plan, the more imperative the necessity of founding new
colonies would sometimes become. The urgent need of greater food supplies
would lead to the sending out of expeditions for the purpose of surveying
the surrounding country and ascertaining the quality of its produce. In
his MS. Noticia, Padre Oliva speaks of an exploring party which was sent
out by the ancestor of the Incas with the injunction to return in a year.
After a few years had passed and none of the party returned, a second
expedition was sent out in search of the first and this led to the final
establishment of the Inca dominion in a promising region. Sahagun recounts
how a Maya colony was established at Panuco; Montezuma himself related to
Cortes that he and his lineage were descendants of colonists from distant
parts; traditions of culture-heroes who established civilization amongst
them abound amongst Central American tribes; finally, Peru is shown to
have been civilized by rulers who carried out, systematically, a
ready-made plan in a comparatively short time. Whence did all these
culture-heroes emanate, carrying the identical method and system into
widely separated districts and establishing centres of civilization in the
richest and most fertile parts of the American Continent?

Documentary evidence certainly justifies the inference that the
civilization of Peru itself was due to just such a deliberately executed
plan of colonization, which gradually extended southwards and ultimately
took root and flourished in the most favorably situated locality.

Leonce Angrand, who cites Acosta, Montesinos, Garcia, Boturini, Valera,
Garcilaso de la Vega, Gomara, Balboa, Paz Soldan, d'Orbigny, Zarate, Cieza
de Leon, Torquemada, Herrera, Velasco, Rivero and Tschudi, Gibbon,
Stevenson, Castelnau, Desjardins, Villavicencio, Roman and others, unites
their testimony in the following sentence: "It is therefore solely towards
the North, in the elevated mountainous region, that researches should be
directed [in order to ascertain the origin of the Peruvian civilization].
As soon as this is done innumerable proofs appear of the residence, in
extremely an