eipzig,
1903), pp. 211-214. Also _Atlas of Meteorology_, Pl. 1.

[4] Approximately Lisbon has 28.60 in.; Madrid, 16.50; Algiers,
28.15; Nice, 33.00; Rome, 29.90; Ragusa, 63.90.

[5] i.e. lines drawn on a map to connect all places having an equal
rainfall.

[6] _Nature_, lxxi. (Jan. 5, 1905), p. 221.

CLIMAX, JOHN (c. 525-600 A.D.), ascetic and mystic, also called
Scholasticus and Sinaites. After having spent forty years in a cave at
the foot of mount Sinai, he became abbot of the monastery. His life has
been written by Daniel, a monk belonging to the monastery of Raithu, on
the Red Sea. He derives his name Climax (or Climacus) from his work of
the same name ([Greek: Klimax tou Paradeisou], ladder to Paradise), in
thirty sections, corresponding to the thirty years of the life of
Christ. It is written in a simple and popular style. The first part
treats of the vices that hinder the attainment of holiness, the second
of the virtues of a Christian.

EDITIONS.--J. P. Migne, _Patrologia graeca_, lxxxviii. (including the
biography by Daniel); S. Eremites (Constantinople, 1883); see also C.
Krumbacher, _Geschichte der byzantinischen Litteratur_ (1897);
Gass-Kruger in Herzog-Hauck, _Realencyklopadie fur protestantische
Theologie_, Bd. 9 (1901). The _Ladder_ has been translated into
several foreign languages--into English by Father Robert, Mount St
Bernard's Abbey, Leicestershire (1856).

CLIMBING[1] FERN, the botanical genus _Lygodium_, with about twenty
species, chiefly in the warmer parts of the Old World, of interest from
its climbing habit. The plants have a creeping stem, on the upper face
of which is borne a row of leaves. Each leaf has a slender stem-like
axis, which twines round a support and bears leaflets at intervals; it
goes on growing indefinitely. It is a favourite warm greenhouse plant.

FOOTNOTE:

[1] The word "climb" (O.E. _climban_), meaning strictly to ascend (or
similarly descend) by progressive self-impulsion, with some apparent
degree of laborious effort and by means of contact with the surface
traversed, is connected with the same root as in "cleave" and
"cling." For Alpine climbing, &c., see MOUNTAINEERING.

CLINCHANT, JUSTIN (1820-1881), French soldier, entered the army from St
Cyr in 1841. From 1847 to 1852 he was employed in the Algerian
campaigns, and in 1854 and 1855 in the Crimea. At the assault on the
Malakoff (Sept. 8