activity, not likely to grow into personal deities
without Greek help. Meaning of _pater_ and _mater_
applied to deities; procreation not indicated by them.
The deities of the _Indigitamenta_; priestly inventions
of a later age. Usener's theory of Sondergoetter
criticised so far as it applies to Rome 145-168

LECTURE VIII

RITUAL OF THE IUS DIVINUM

Main object of _ius divinum_ to keep up the _pax
deorum_; meaning of _pax_ in this phrase. Means towards
the maintenance of the _pax_: sacrifice and prayer,
fulfilment of vows, lustratio, divination. Meaning of
_sacrificium_. Little trace of sacramental sacrifice.
Typical sacrifice of _ius divinum_: both priest and
victim must be acceptable to the deity; means taken to
secure this. Ritual of slaughter: examination and
_porrectio_ of entrails. Prayer; the phrase _Macte esto_
and its importance in explaining Roman sacrifice.
Magical survivals in Roman and Italian prayers; yet they
are essentially religious 169-199

LECTURE IX

RITUAL (continued)

_Vota_ (vows) have suggested the idea that Roman worship
was bargaining. Examination of private vows, which do
not prove this; of public vows, which in some degree do
so. Moral elements in both these. Other forms of vow:
_evocatio_ and _devotio_.

_Lustratio_: meaning of _lustrare_ in successive stages
of Roman experience. _Lustratio_ of the farm and
_pagus_; of the city; of the people (at Rome and
Iguvium); of the army; of the arms and trumpets of the
army: meaning of _lustratio_ in these last cases, both
before and after a campaign 200-222

LECTURE X

THE FIRST ARRIVAL OF NEW CULTS IN ROME

Recapitulation of foregoing lectures. Weak point of the
organised State religion: it discouraged individual
development. Its moral influence mainly a disciplinary
one; and it hypnotised the religious instinct.

Growth of a new population at end of regal period, also
of trade and industry. New deities from abroad represent
these changes: Hercules of Ara Maxima; Castor and
Pollux; Minerva. Diana of the Aventine reflects a new
relation with Latium. Question as to the real religious
influence of these deities. The Capitoline temple of
Jupiter, Juno, and Minerv