a hostis possedisset_, were to
be restored, to have their bounds laid down afresh
(_terminarentur_) and to be disinfected (_expiarentur_).
_Digest_, xi. 7. 36, "cum loca capta sunt ab hostibus,
omnia desinunt religiosa vel sacra esse, sicut homines
liberi in servitutem perveniunt; quod si ab hac
calamitate fuerint liberata, quasi quodam postliminio
reversa pristino statui restituerentur." Cp. Plutarch,
_Aristides_, 20. A friend reminds me that Bishop
Berkeley, when in Italy, had his bedroom sprinkled with
holy water by his landlady.

[44] See Marquardt, p. 420, notes 5 and 6. The
_verbenarius_ is mentioned in Serv. _Aen._ xii. 120, and
Pliny _N.H._ xxii. 5. For the disinfecting power of
verbena (_myrtea verbena_) see Pliny xv. 119, where it
is said to have been used by Romans and Sabines after
the rape of the Sabine virgins.

[45] See Marquardt, _Privatleben_, p. 192 foll., based
on the famous essay of Mommsen in his _Roemische
Forschungen_, i. 319 foll. The passages quoted from Livy
for the practice in early times (i. 45, v. 50) are not,
of course, historical evidence; but we may fairly argue
back from the more explicit evidence of later times,
_e.g._ the Senatusconsultum de Asclepiade of 78 B.C.
(_C.I. Graec._ 5879).

There is a good example of the feeling in modern Italy
in a book called _In the Abruzzi_, by Anne Macdonell, p.
275. I have experienced it in remote parts of South
Wales long ago. Moritz, the German pastor who travelled
on foot in England towards the end of the eighteenth
century, noted that even the innkeepers were constantly
unwilling to take him in. His book was reprinted in
Cassell's National Library some years ago.

[46] See the very interesting chapter in _The Origin
and Development of Moral Ideas_, vol. i. p. 570 foll.,
especially p. 590 foll. Dr. Westermarck aptly points out
that hospitality is almost universal among "rude"
peoples, and loses its hold as they become more
civilised. M. van Gennep in his recently published work,
_Les Rites de Passage_, has attempted to classify the
various rites relating to taboo of strangers; see ch.
iii., especially p. 38 foll.

[47] Jevons, _Introduction_, p. 70.

[48] Gellius x. 15. 8, "vinctum, si aedes eius
introierit, solui necessum est." (In hot countries
chains stil