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a hostis possedisset_, were to be restored, to have their bounds laid down afresh (_terminarentur_) and to be disinfected (_expiarentur_). _Digest_, xi. 7. 36, "cum loca capta sunt ab hostibus, omnia desinunt religiosa vel sacra esse, sicut homines liberi in servitutem perveniunt; quod si ab hac calamitate fuerint liberata, quasi quodam postliminio reversa pristino statui restituerentur." Cp. Plutarch, _Aristides_, 20. A friend reminds me that Bishop Berkeley, when in Italy, had his bedroom sprinkled with holy water by his landlady. [44] See Marquardt, p. 420, notes 5 and 6. The _verbenarius_ is mentioned in Serv. _Aen._ xii. 120, and Pliny _N.H._ xxii. 5. For the disinfecting power of verbena (_myrtea verbena_) see Pliny xv. 119, where it is said to have been used by Romans and Sabines after the rape of the Sabine virgins. [45] See Marquardt, _Privatleben_, p. 192 foll., based on the famous essay of Mommsen in his _Roemische Forschungen_, i. 319 foll. The passages quoted from Livy for the practice in early times (i. 45, v. 50) are not, of course, historical evidence; but we may fairly argue back from the more explicit evidence of later times, _e.g._ the Senatusconsultum de Asclepiade of 78 B.C. (_C.I. Graec._ 5879). There is a good example of the feeling in modern Italy in a book called _In the Abruzzi_, by Anne Macdonell, p. 275. I have experienced it in remote parts of South Wales long ago. Moritz, the German pastor who travelled on foot in England towards the end of the eighteenth century, noted that even the innkeepers were constantly unwilling to take him in. His book was reprinted in Cassell's National Library some years ago. [46] See the very interesting chapter in _The Origin and Development of Moral Ideas_, vol. i. p. 570 foll., especially p. 590 foll. Dr. Westermarck aptly points out that hospitality is almost universal among "rude" peoples, and loses its hold as they become more civilised. M. van Gennep in his recently published work, _Les Rites de Passage_, has attempted to classify the various rites relating to taboo of strangers; see ch. iii., especially p. 38 foll. [47] Jevons, _Introduction_, p. 70. [48] Gellius x. 15. 8, "vinctum, si aedes eius introierit, solui necessum est." (In hot countries chains stil
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