ior parts, the neck, shoulders, back, and sides,
is short, soft, and of a jet-black colour, but long, shaggy,
pendulous, and shining on the sides of the anterior extremities, and
from the medial part of the abdomen over the thighs to the hinder
parts" (_Horsfield_, 'Cat. Mam. Ind. Mus.').

_GENUS BUBALUS--THE BUFFALOS_.

Horns very large, depressed and sub-trigonal at the base, attached
to the highest line of the frontals, inclining upwards and backwards,
conical towards the tip and bending upwards; muffle large, square.
No hump or dorsal ridge; thirteen pairs of ribs; hoofs large.

NO. 468. BUBALUS ARNI.
_The Wild Buffalo_ (_Jerdon's No. 239_).

NATIVE NAMES.--_Arna_ (male), _Arni_ (female), _Arna-bhainsa_,
_Jangli-bhains_, Hindi; _Mung_, Bhagulpore; _Gera-erumi_, Gondi;
_Karbo_ of the Malays; _Moonding_ of the Sundanese.

HABITAT.--In the swampy terai at the foot of the hills from Oude to
Bhotan, in the plains of Lower Bengal as far west as Tirhoot, in Assam
and in Burmah, in Central India from Midnapore to Rajpore, and thence
nearly to the Godavery; also in Ceylon.

[Illustration: _Bubalus arni_.]

DESCRIPTION.--This animal so closely resembles the common
domesticated buffalo that it seems hardly necessary to attempt a
description. The wild one may be a trifle larger, but every one in
India is familiar with the huge, ungainly, stupid-looking creature,
with its bulky frame, black and almost hairless body, back-sweeping
horns, and long narrow head.

SIZE.--A large male will stand 19 hands at the shoulder and measure
10-1/4 feet from nose to root of tail, which is short, reaching only
to the hocks. Horns vary greatly, but the following are measurements
of large pairs: In the British Museum are a pair without the skull.
These horns measure 6 feet 6 inches each, which would give, when on
the head, an outer curve measurement of nearly 14 feet. Another pair
in the British Museum measure on the skull 12 feet 2 inches from tip
to tip and across the forehead, but these horns do not exactly
correspond in length and shape.

The buffalo never ascends mountains like the bison, but keeps to low
and swampy ground and open grass plains, living in large herds, which
occasionally split up into smaller ones during the breeding season
in autumn. The female produces one, or sometimes two in the summer,
after a period of gestation of ten months.

Forsyth doubts their interbreeding with the domestic race, but I see
no reas