d the latter directed backwards and inwards,
nearly at a right angle, occasionally pointing downwards" (_Jerdon_).
McMaster says: "I can corroborate Jerdon's statement that the young
of this deer are beautifully spotted; but, although I have seen many
specimens, dead and alive, and still more of the skins while I was
in Burmah, I do not remember having remarked the few white spots which
he says many of them assume in summer." The fawns lose their spots
at about six months.

SIZE.--Length, 42 to 44 inches; tail, 8 inches; height, 27 to 28.
Average length of horns, 15 to 16 inches.

This animal is seldom found in forest land; it seems to prefer open
grass jungle, lying sheltered during the day in thick patches, and
lies close till almost run upon by beaters or elephants. Its gait
is awkward, with some resemblance to that of a hog carrying its head
low; it is not speedy, and can easily be run down by dogs in the open.
McMaster writes: "Great numbers of these deer are each season killed
by Burmans, being mobbed with dogs." The meat is fair. Hog deer are
not gregarious like _chital_; they are usually solitary, though
found occasionally in pairs.

The horns are shed about April, and the rutting season is September
and October. This species and the spotted deer have interbred, and
the hybrid progeny survived.

* * * * *

The next stage from the rusine to the cervine or elaphine type is
the rucervine. In this the tres-tine, as well as the royal tine, throw
out branches, and in the normal rucervine type the tres and royal
are equal as in Schomburgk's deer, but in the extreme type, _Panolia_
or _Rucervus Eldii_ of Burmah, the tres-tine is greatly developed,
whilst the royal is reduced to a mere snag. The Indian swamp-deer
(_Rucervus Duvaucelli_) is intermediate, both tres and royal tines
are developed, but the former is much larger than the royal. In none
of the rucervine forms is the bez-tine produced.

_GENUS RUCERVUS_.

Horns as above; muzzle pointed. Canines in males only.

NO. 474. RUCERVUS DUVAUCELLI.
_The Swamp-Deer_ (_Jerdon's No. 219_).

NATIVE NAMES.--_Bara-singha_, Hindi; _Baraya_ and _Maha_ in the
Nepal Terai; _Jhinkar_ in Kyarda Doon; _Potiyaharan_ at Monghyr
(_Jerdon_); _Goen_ or _Goenjak_ (male), _Gaoni_ (female), in Central
India.

HABITAT.--"In the forest lands at the foot of the Himalayas, from
the Kyarda Doon to Bhotan. It is very abundant in Assam, inhabiting
t