stem pushed
the central government's budget deficit to nearly 13% in 1993.
Helsinki continues to harmonize its economic policies with those of
the EU during Finland's current EU membership bid. In early 1995,
Finland is expected to join the European Union (formerly the European
Community), thus broadening European economic unity.
National product:
GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $81.1 billion (1993)
National product real growth rate:
-2.6% (1993)
National product per capita:
$16,100 (1993)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
2.1% (1992)
Unemployment rate:
22% (1993)
Budget:
revenues:
$26.8 billion
expenditures:
$40.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992)
Exports:
$23.4 billion (f.o.b., 1993)
commodities:
timber, paper and pulp, ships, machinery, clothing and footwear
partners:
EC 53.2% (Germany 15.6%, UK 10.7%), EFTA 19.5% (Sweden 12.8%), US
5.9%, Japan 1.3%, Russia 2.8% (1992)
Imports:
$18 billion (c.i.f., 1993 est.)
commodities:
foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport
equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics, fodder
grains
partners:
EC 47.2% (Germany 16.9%, UK 8.7%), EFTA 19.0% (Sweden 11.7%), US 6.1%,
Japan 5.5%, Russia 7.1% (1992)
External debt:
$30 billion (December 1993)
Industrial production:
growth rate 7.6% (1992 est.)
Electricity:
capacity:
13,500,000 kW
production:
55.3 billion kWh
consumption per capita:
11,050 kWh (1992)
Industries:
metal products, shipbuilding, forestry and wood processing (pulp,
paper), copper refining, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing
Agriculture:
accounts for 5% of GDP (including forestry); livestock production,
especially dairy cattle, predominates; forestry is an important export
earner and a secondary occupation for the rural population; main crops
- cereals, sugar beets, potatoes; 85% self-sufficient, but short of
foodgrains and fodder grains; annual fish catch about 160,000 metric
tons
Economic aid:
donor:
ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $2.7 billion
Currency:
1 markka (FMk) or Finmark = 100 pennia
Exchange rates:
markkaa (FMk) per US$1 - 5.6920 (January 1994), 5.7123 (1993), 4.4794
(1992), 4.0440 (1991), 3.8235 (1990), 4.2912 (1989)
Fiscal year:
calendar year

@Finland, Communications

Railroads:
5,924 km total; Finnish State Railways (VR) operate a total of 5,863
km 1,524-mm gauge, o