s to the East; transshipment point for
Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route
Economic aid:
recipient:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-81), $525 million; Western
(non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.39
billion
Currency:
1 drachma (Dr) = 100 lepta
Exchange rates:
drachmae (Dr) per US$1 - 250.28 (January 1994), 229.26 (1993), 190.62
(1992), 182.27 (1991), 158.51 (1990), 162.42 (1989)
Fiscal year:
calendar year

@Greece, Communications

Railroads:
2,479 km total; 1,565 km 1,435-mm standard gauge, of which 36 km
electrified and 100 km double track; 892 km 1,000-mm gauge; 22 km
750-mm narrow gauge; all government owned
Highways:
total:
38,938 km
paved:
16,090 km
unpaved:
crushed stone, gravel 13,676 km; improved earth 5,632 km; unimproved
earth 3,540 km
Inland waterways:
80 km; system consists of three coastal canals; including the Corinth
Canal (6 km) which crosses the Isthmus of Corinth connecting the Gulf
of Corinth with the Saronic Gulf and shortens the sea voyage from the
Adriatic to Piraievs (Piraeus) by 325 km; and three unconnected rivers
Pipelines:
crude oil 26 km; petroleum products 547 km
Ports:
Piraievs (Piraeus), Thessaloniki
Merchant marine:
1,059 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 29,343,367 GRT/54,249,294
DWT, bulk 453, cargo 117, chemical tanker 20, combination bulk 23,
combination ore/oil 38, container 36, liquefied gas 6, livestock
carrier 1, oil tanker 251, passenger 15, passenger-cargo 2,
refrigerated cargo 11, roll-on/roll-off cargo 17, short-sea passenger
65, specialized tanker 3, vehicle carrier 1
note:
ethnic Greeks also own large numbers of ships under the registry of
Liberia, Panama, Cyprus, Malta, and The Bahamas
Airports:
total:
78
usable:
77
with permanent-surface runways:
63
with runways over 3,659 m:
0
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
20
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
24
Telecommunications:
adequate, modern networks reach all areas; 4,080,000 telephones;
microwave radio relay carries most traffic; extensive open-wire
network; submarine cables to off-shore islands; broadcast stations -
29 AM, 17 (20 repeaters) FM, 361 TV; tropospheric links, 8 submarine
cables; 1 satellite earth station operating in INTELSAT (1 Atlantic
Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean antenna), and EUTELSAT systems

@Greece, Defense Forces

Branches:
Hellenic Army, Hellenic Nav