fired on the 12th of April, 1861, resounded throughout
the United States and the civilized world, touching an electric
chord in every family in the northern states and changing the whole
current of feeling. From this time forth, among the patriotic
people of the loyal states, there was no thought or talk of
compromise. That this insult to our flag must be punished, "that
the Union must and shall be preserved," were the resolves of millions
of men, without respect to party, who but the day before were eager
for compromise. The cold and cautious men of the north were at
last awakened from their indifference.

The impression made upon my mind by the attack on Fort Sumter is
expressed in a letter I wrote from Washington to my brother, General
Sherman, as he was then called, at midnight of the 12th of April:

"Washington, April 12, 1861.
"Dear Brother:--I was unexpectedly called here soon after receiving
your letter of the 8th, and at midnight write you. The military
excitement here is intense. Since my arrival I have seen several
officers, many citizens, and all the heads of departments except
Blair. There is a fixed determination now to preserve the Union
and enforce the laws at all hazards. Civil war is actually upon
us, and, strange to say, it brings a feeling of relief; the suspense
is over. I have spent much of the day in talking about you. There
is an earnest desire that you go into the war department, but I
said this was impossible. Chase is especially desirous that you
accept, saying that you would be virtually Secretary of War, and
could easily step into any military position that offers.

"It is well for you seriously to consider your conclusion, although
my opinion is that you ought not to accept. You ought to hold
yourself in reserve. If troops are called for, as they surely will
be in a few days, organize a regiment or brigade, either in St.
Louis or Ohio, and you will then get into the army in such a way
as to secure promotion. By all means take advantage of the present
disturbances to get into the army, where you will at once put
yourself in a high position for life. I know that promotion and
every facility for advancement will be cordially extended by the
authorities. You are a favorite in the army and have great strength
in political circles. I urge you to avail yourself of these
favorable circumstances to secure your position for life; for,
after all, your present employment is of un