ry an election can only save the government from
immediate destruction by giving up the main point upon which the
people gave the election. The people themselves, and not their
servants, can safely reverse their own deliberate decisions.

"As a private citizen, the Executive could not have consented that
those institutions should perish; much less could he, in betrayal
of so vast and so sacred a trust as these free people have confided
to him. He felt that he had no moral right to shrink, or even to
count the chances of his own life, in what might follow. In full
view of his great responsibility, he has, so far, done what he has
deemed his duty. You will now, according to your own judgment,
perform yours. He sincerely hopes that your views and your action
may so accord with him as to assure all faithful citizens who have
been disturbed in their rights of a certain and speedy restoration
of them, under the constitution and the laws.

"And having thus chosen our course, without guile and with pure
purpose, let us renew our trust in God, and go forward without fear
and with manly hearts."

Secretary Chase also submitted to Congress, on the first day of
the session, a clear statement of the financial condition of the
United States. He estimated the sum needed for the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1862, at $318,519,581. He recommended a large
increase of duties on imports, especially upon such articles as
were then free from duty; also a direct tax of $20,000,000, to be
apportioned among the states according to population; also a tax
on distilled spirits, ale, beer, tobacco, bank notes, and other
articles of domestic production. He also suggested the property
of those engaged in insurrection or in giving aid and comfort to
insurgents should be made to contribute to the expenditures made
necessary by their criminal misconduct. As the receipts from
taxation would still be inadequate to meet the expenses of the war,
he discussed the best mode and form of borrowing money, including
bonds running for a long period with a fixed rate of interest, and
treasury notes bearing interest, payable on demand.

Kansas having recently been admitted into the Union, twenty-three
states were represented in the Senate by forty-six Senators. Eleven
states being in open war against the United States, twenty-one of
their Senators withdrew, but Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, remained
in the Senate, making the total of Senators forty-seve