I, p. 564, 569, 572,
577, 584, 586, 596. London, 1777.

[1003] Westermarck, History of Human Marriage, pp. 116, 441, 462-463,
450-452, 454, 457. London, 1891.

[1004] Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol. I, p. 270. London, 1896-1898.

[1005] R.H. Codrington, The Melanesians, p. 229. Oxford, 1891.

[1006] Basil Thomson, The Fijians, pp. 221-227. London, 1908. Williams
and Calvert, Fiji and the Fijians, pp. 132, 142. New York, 1859.

[1007] _Ibid._, p. 130. R.L. Stevenson, The South Seas, pp. 38, 40. New
York, 1903.

[1008] _Ibid._, p. 38.

[1009] J.S. Jenkins, United States Exploring Squadron under Capt.
Wilkes, 1838-1842, pp. 404-405. New York, 1855.

[1010] Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol. I, pp. 270, 299. London,
1896-98.

[1011] Adolf Marcuse, _Die Hawaiischen Inseln_, p. 109. Berlin, 1894.

[1012] G.W. Knox, Japanese Life in Town and Country, p. 188. New York,
1905.

[1013] Capt. Cook's Journal, First Voyage Round the World in the
Endeavor, 1768-1771, pp. 95, 96. Edited by W.J.L. Wharton. London, 1893.

[1014] Malthus, Essay on Population, Book I, chap. V.

[1015] R.L. Stevenson, The South Seas, p. 39. New York, 1903.

[1016] _Ibid._, p. 52.

[1017] Adolf Marcuse, _Die Hawaiischen Inseln_, p. 109. Berlin, 1894.

[1018] Williams and Calvert, Fiji and the Fijians, pp. 144-146. New
York, 1859.

[1019] Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol. I, p. 330. London, 1896-1898.

[1020] William Mariner, Natives of the Tonga Islands, Vol. II, pp. 95,
134-135. Edinburgh, 1827. Capt. Cook's Journal, First Voyage Round the
World in the Endeavor, 1768-1771, pp. 220-221. Edited by W.J.L. Wharton.
London, 1893.

[1021] Strabo, Book X, chap. V, 6.

[1022] R.L. Stevenson, The South Seas, pp. 98-104. New York, 1903.

[1023] Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol. I, pp. 297-299. London,
1896-1898.

[1024] William Mariner, Natives of the Tonga Islands, Vol. II, pp.
108-109. Edinburgh, 1827.

[1025] Darwin and Fitzroy, Voyage of the Beagle, Vol. II, pp. 183,
189-190. London, 1839.

CHAPTER XIV

PLAINS, STEPPES AND DESERTS

[Sidenote: Relief of the sea floor.]

Anthropo-geography has to do primarily with the forms and relief of the
land. The relief of the sea floor influences man only indirectly. It
does this by affecting the forms of the coast, by contributing to the
action of tides in scouring out river estuaries, as on the flat beaches
of Holland and England, by determining conditions for the abundant
littoral