p. 238.
London, 1907.

[1050] Haxthausen, _Studien_, Vol. I, p. 309. _Die laendliche Verfassung
Russlands_, pp. 3, 7. Leipzig, 1866.

[1051] Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol. II, pp. 79-83. London,
1896-1898. J. Wappaeus, _Handbuch der Geographie und Statistik des
ehemaligen spanischen Mittel- und Sud-Amerika_, pp. 978-980, 1019.
Leipzig, 1863-1870.

[1052] Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol. II, pp. 206-208. London,
1896-1898.

[1053] Nordenskiold, Voyage of the Vega, pp. 60, 156, 452. New York,
1882. Alexander P. Engelhardt, A Russian Province of the North, pp.
291-295. London, 1899.

[1054] _Ibid._, pp. 83, 88-91.

[1055] Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol. III, pp. 166-167. London.
1896-1898.

[1056] James Bryce, Impressions of South Africa, p. 107. New York, 1897.

[1057] Herodotus, Melpomene, 19, 46.

[1058] Thomas Hodgkin, Italy and Her Invaders, Vol. I, p. 262. Oxford,
1892.

[1059] Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol. II, p. 220. London, 1896-1898.

[1060] Genesis, XIII, 2, 5.

[1061] James Bryce, Impressions of South Africa, p. 474. New York, 1897.

[1062] Eleventh Census, Indian Report, pp. 143-144. Washington, 1894.

[1063] Sven Hedin, Central Asia and Tibet, Vol. I, pp. 18-20. London and
New York, 1903.

[1064] J.L. Burckhardt, Notes on the Bedouins and Wahabys, Vol. I, pp.
32-33. London, 1831.

[1065] George Adam Smith, Historical Geography of the Holy Land, pp.
8-10. New York, 1897.

[1066] Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Vol. V, pp. 78-79.
New York, 1858.

[1067] L. March Phillipps, In the Desert, p. 95. London, 1905.

[1068] Sir Samuel W. Baker, The Nile Tributaries of Abyssinia, pp. 88,
128, 129, 135. Hartford, 1868.

[1069] Journey of John de Carpini and William de Rubruquis in 1253, pp.
8, 217. Hakluyt Society, London, 1903.

[1070] James Bryce, Impressions of South Africa, pp. 107, 421. New York,
1897.

[1071] Wilhelm Roscher, _National-Oekonomik des Ackerbaues_, p. 44.
Stuttgart, 1888.

[1072] A full discussion in Malthus, Principles of Population, Book I,
chap. 7.

[1073] J.L. Burckhardt, Notes on the Bedouins and Wahabys, Vol. I, pp.
133-144, 157-160. London, 1831. S.M. Zwemer, Arabia, The Cradle of
Islam, 155-157. New York, 1900.

[1074] Vambery, _Reise in Mittelasien_, pp. 285, 289-297. Leipzig, 1873.

[1075] Alexis Krausse, Russia in Asia, pp. 127-129. New York, 1899.

[1076] Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol. III, pp. 174-175. London,
1896-1898.

[10