rrachs_ were used in all the British
islands. They are mentioned by many Latin authors, especially by Caesar,
who had several of them made after the British model.

[235] Mr. Tuke's report, p. 148.

[236] Letter dated from Killybegs, 18th of 12th month, 1846. Report, p.
151.

[237] _The Sack of Baltimore_, by Thomas Davis. A ballad, one of whose
many beauties is the striking correctness of its topography.

[238] Letter of Commander J. Cruford Caffin, R.N., of Her Majesty's
steam sloop "Scourge," dated 15th February, 1847, written to Captain
Hamilton.

[239] Assistant-Commissary Bishop's letter of 14th Feb., 1847.

[240] So he always signed himself, although Captain Caffin calls him Dr.
Traill.

[241] Letter to Mr. Trevelyan of 14th Feb., 1847.

[242] Correspondent of Dublin _Freeman's Journal_.

[243] "Report: Colonization from Ireland." Brought from House of Lords
23rd July, 1847; ordered by the House of Commons to be printed 23rd
July, 1847; pp. 243 and 244.

[244] This physician had three large crosses made from the timber of a
sliding or hinged coffin. One of these he kindly presented to the
author, which is now in his possession. It is two feet three inches
long, by one foot one inch across the arms. It bears the following
inscription:--

"During the frightful famine-plague, which devastated a large proportion
of Ireland in the years 1846-47, that monstrous and unchristian machine,
a "sliding coffin," was, from necessity, used in Bantry Union for the
conveyance of the victims to one common grave. The material of this
cross, the symbol of our Redemption, is a portion of one of the
machines, which enclosed the remains of several hundreds of our
countrymen, during their passage from the wretched huts or waysides,
where they died, to the pit into which their remains were thrown.--T.W."

[245] _The Winter of 1846-7 in Antrim, with Remarks on Out-door Relief
and Colonization_. By A. Shafto Adair, F.R.S. London: Ridgway, 1847.
Haliday Pamphlets, Royal Irish Academy, vol. 1,992. Mr. Adair is a
landlord of large possessions in the County Antrim, who exerted himself
very much to alleviate the sufferings of the people during the
Famine.--He was raised to the Peerage in 1873 as Baron Waveney.

CHAPTER XIII.

The Irish Relief Act, 10th Vic., c. 7--Rapid expansion of Public
Works--They fail to sustain the people--Clauses of the new Relief
Act--Relief Committees--Their duties--Union rating--Pri