rleben_ also contains many examples. See also a short
chapter (ch. xxix) in Hirschfeld's _Homosexualitaet_.

[3] H. Sainte-Claire Deville, "De l'Internat et son influence sur
l'education de la jeunesse," a paper read to the Academie des Sciences
Morales et Politiques, July 27, 1871, and quoted by Chevalier,
_L'Inversion Sexuelle_, pp. 204-5.

[4] M. Bombarda, _Comptes rendus Congres Internationale de l'Anthropologie
Criminelle_, Amsterdam, p. 212.

[5] Lacassagne, "De la Criminalite chez les Animaux," _Revue
Scientifique_, 1882.

[6] Steinach, "Utersuchungen zu vergleichende Physiologie," _Archiv fuer
die Gesammte Physiologie_, Bd. lvi, 1894, p. 320.

[7] Fere, _Comptes-rendus Societe de Biologie_, July 30, 1898. We may
perhaps connect this with an observation of E. Selous (_Zooelogist_, May
and Sept., 1901) on a bird, the Great Crested Grebe; after pairing, the
male would crouch to the female, who played his part to him; the same
thing is found among pigeons. Selous suggests that this is a relic of
primitive hermaphroditism. But it may be remembered that in the male
generally sexual intercourse tends to be more exhausting than in the
female; this fact would favor a reversion of their respective parts.

[8] E. Selous, "Sexual Selection in Birds," _Zooelogist_, Feb., 1907, p.
65; ib., May, p. 169. Sexual aberrations generally are not uncommon among
birds; see, e.g., A. Heim, "Sexuelle Verirrungen bei Voegeln in den
Tropen," _Sexual-Probleme_, April, 1913.

[9] See Moll, _Untersuchungen ueber die Libido Sexualis_, 1898, Bd. i, pp.
369, 374-5. For a summary of facts concerning homosexuality in animals see
F. Karsch, "Paederastie und Tribadie bei den Tieren auf Grund der
Literatur," _Jahrbuch fuer sexuelle Zwischenstufen_, Bd. ii, 1899, pp.
126-154

[10] Muccioli, "Degenerazione e Criminalita nei Colombi," _Archivio di
Psichiatria_, 1893, p. 40.

[11] _L'Intermediare des Biologistes_, November 20, 1897.

[12] R.I. Pocock, _Field_, 25 Oct., 1913.

[13] R.S. Rutherford, "Crowing Hens," _Poultry_, January 26, 1896.

[14] This has now been very thoroughly done by Prof. F. Karsch-Haack in a
large book, _Das Gleichgeschlechtliche Leben der Naturvoelker_, 1911. An
earlier and shorter study by the same author was published in the
_Jahrbuch fuer sexuelle Zwischenstufen_, Bd. iii, 1901.

[15] See a brief and rather inconclusive treatment of the question by
Bruns Meissner, "Assyriologische Studien," iv, _Mitteilungen de