t which comes by laborious effort and self-abnegation
remains with us, and constitutes a lasting capital. The gold nuggets
which are occasionally found here never amount to much as regards the
benefit of the finder. It is upon the whole a fortunate day for the
respectable immigrant who has any degree of ability, when he concludes
to turn his back upon gold-digging and adopt some more legitimate
business. The great elements of success are the same in Australia as in
California, Africa, or Massachusetts; namely, steadiness of purpose,
application, and temperance. One thing we would impress upon every one:
let those who cannot resist the fascination of the bottle, avoid
Australia; for it is the very hot-bed of dissipation, and no place for
the weak and irresolute.

The laboring classes of Melbourne and Sydney especially make great
efforts to prevent emigration from Europe, on the ground that it will
have a tendency to reduce wages,--a view palpably narrow and contracted
beyond all reason. There cannot be too many good immigrants; and any
policy tending to limit their numbers is as short-sighted as most of the
ignorant schemes of organized Labor Unions. Even a larger number of the
despised Chinese would be desirable in the present state of things in
Australia; but the landing fee of fifty dollars acts almost as
prohibitory in regard to the Asiatic race, besides which all sorts of
lawless impediments are instituted to operate against their well-being.

CHAPTER X.

From Melbourne to Adelaide.--Capital of South
Australia.--New Gold-Fields.--Agricultural Interests.--City
Institutions.--Inducements to Immigrants.--Public
Buildings.--A City of Churches.--Australian
Ladies.--Interior of the Country.--Irrigation.--German
Settlers.--The Botanical Gardens.--West Australia.--Perth
the Capital.--The Pearl Fisheries.--Commercial Advantages
Considered.

We shall now leave Victoria and take the reader into another colony, by
no means less interesting than those already visited. The distance from
Melbourne to Adelaide, the capital of South Australia, is about the same
as that from Sydney to Melbourne,--say, six hundred miles. Australia is
an immense territory, and its capital cities are a long way apart. The
cars upon this route are constructed upon both the American and English
plan, and one is not annoyed by having to change cars to accommodate a
difference in the gauge, as upo