of Paris.
Gallatin, the peacemaker, was in favor of offering to renew both
privileges; and he finally succeeded in winning Clay's reluctant assent
to this plan. But when the British commissioners objected, both sides
agreed to omit all reference to these vexing questions.

The treaty which was signed on December 24, 1814, is remarkable for its
omissions. The reader will scan it in vain for any allusion to
impressments, blockades, and neutral rights. It is equally silent as to
the control of the Lakes, Indian territories, the fisheries, and the
navigation of the Mississippi. It was "simply a cessation of
hostilities, leaving every claim on either side open for future
settlement." Clay probably reflected the disappointment of Republicans
when he pronounced it "a damned bad treaty." Nevertheless, it brought
what was most desired by the exhausted Administration--peace. Moreover,
the treaty must be viewed in the light of events in Europe. The
overthrow of the Napoleonic Empire and the exile of Bonaparte gave
promise of a return to normal conditions so far as maritime rights were
concerned. The victories of American seamen in the war were after all
better guaranties of neutral rights than any declarations on parchment.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE

Besides the larger histories, which contain abundant information
about the war, mention should be made of B. J. Lossing's
_Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812_ (1868), written by one
who visited most of the battlefields of the war. A well-balanced
account of the military operations is contained in K. C. Babcock's
_The Rise of American Nationality_ (in _The American Nation_, vol.
XIII, 1906). Theodore Roosevelt, _The Naval War of 1812_ (various
editions); E. S. Maclay, _History of the United States Navy from
1775 to 1901_ (3 vols., 1901-02), and _History of American
Privateers_ (1899); J. R. Spears, _History of Our Navy_ (4 vols.,
1897); and C. O. Paullin, _Commodore John Rodgers_ (1910), give
the history of the maritime war. The most comprehensive study of
the naval operations of the war is the work by Admiral Mahan
already cited. The part of Jackson in the war is set forth in many
biographies. The most picturesque is James Parton, _Life of Andrew
Jackson_ (3 vols., 1860); the most recent is J. S. Bassett, _Life
of Andrew Jackson_ (2 vols., 1911). S. E. Morison, _Life and
Letters of Ha