cause, the skin should not be washed at first, but either chalk,
whiting, or some mild alkali, as baking soda, should be strewn over
the burn, and then after the effect of the acid is neutralized, wash
off the soda with stream of warm water. Dry gently with gauze. Apply
Carron oil or paste of boric acid and vaseline, equal parts. If strong
alkalies have been spilled on the skin, as ammonia, potash, or
quicklime, then vinegar is the proper substance to employ, followed by
washing. Then dry gently. Vaseline or cold cream is usually sufficient
as after treatment. Limewater is useful in counteracting the effect of
acids spattered in the eye. In the case of alkalies in the eye, the
vinegar used should be diluted with three parts of water. Albolene or
liquid vaseline is the best agent to drop in the eye after either
accident, in order to relieve the irritation and pain, and the
patient should stay in a dark room.

=FROSTBITE, REAL FREEZING.=--Nose, ears, fingers, toes; insensible to
touch, stiff, pale or blue. Person may be unconscious.

_First Aid Rule 1.--Restore circulation. Rub gently, then vigorously,
with snow._

_Rule 2.--Restore heat very gradually. Sudden heat is fatal. Keep in
cold room, and rub with cloth wet with very cold water till
circulation is established. Then rub with equal parts of alcohol and
water and expose gradually to heat of living room._

_Rule 3.--If person ceases to breathe, resuscitate as if drowned. Open
his mouth, grasp his tongue, and pull it forward and keep it there.
Let another assistant grasp the arms just below the elbows and draw
them steadily upward by the sides of the patient's head to the ground,
the hands nearly meeting (which enlarges the capacity of the chest and
induces inspiration.) (See pp. 30 and 31.) While this is being done,
let a third assistant take position astride the patient's hips with
his elbows resting on his own knees, his hands extended ready for
action. Next, let the assistant standing at the head turn down the
patient's arms to the sides of the body, the assistant holding the
tongue changing hands if necessary to let the arms pass. Just before
the patient's hands reach the ground the man astride the body will
grasp the body with his hands, the ball of the thumb resting on
either side of the pit of the stomach, the fingers falling into the
grooves between the short ribs. Now, using his knees as a pivot, he
will at the moment the patient's hands touch the gro