first week of
normal temperature, at the end of the third or fourth week of the
disease, and during the course of the disease under circumstances
where the fluids are not obtainable or not well borne. An abundance of
water should be supplied to the patient throughout the disease.

=Bathing.=--The importance of cold, through the medium of water, in
typhoid fever accomplishes much, both in reducing the temperature and
in stimulating the nervous system and relieving restlessness and
delirium. Bathing is usually applied when the temperature rises above
102.5 deg. F., and may be repeated every two or three hours if
restlessness, delirium, and high temperature require it.

The immersion of patients in tubs of cold water, as practiced with
benefit in hospitals, is out of the question for use by inexperienced
laymen. The patient should have a woven-wire spring bed and soft hair
mattress, over which is laid a folded blanket covered by a rubber
sheet. Sponging the naked body with ice water will suffice in some
cases; in others, when the temperature is over 102-1/2 deg. F., enveloping
the whole body in a sheet wet in water at 65 deg., and either rubbing the
surface with ice or cloths wet in ice-cold water, for ten or fifteen
minutes, is advisable. Rubbing of the skin of the chest and sides is
necessary during the application of cold to prevent shock. The use of
a cold cloth on the head and hot-water bottle at the feet, during the
sponging, will also prove beneficial. In children and others objecting
to these cold applications, the vapor bath is effective. For this a
piece of cheese cloth (single thickness) is wet with warm water--100 deg.
to 105 deg.--and is wrapped about the naked body from shoulders to feet,
and is continually wet by sprinkling with water at the temperature of
98 deg.. The evaporation of the water will usually, in fifteen to twenty
minutes, cool the body sufficiently if the patient is fanned
continuously by two attendants. In warm weather the patient should
only be covered with a sheet for a while after the bath, which should
reduce the temperature to 3 deg.. Hot water at the feet, and a little
brandy or whisky given before the sponging if the pulse be feeble,
will generally prevent a chill. Patients should be gently dried after
the bath and covered with dry bedclothing. The utmost care should be
taken not to agitate a feeble patient during sponging.

The long period of lying in bed favors the occurrence of b