g stations. The
consideration for these favors was the sum of three millions of dollars
to be expended, with the approval of the Secretary of State of the
United States, in paying the public debt of Nicaragua and for other
public purposes to be agreed on by the two contracting parties.

The treaty with the black Republic of Haiti, ratified by the Senate
February 28, 1916, carries the new Caribbean policies of the United
States to the farthest limits short of actual annexation. It provides
for the establishment of a receivership of Haitian customs under the
control of the United States similar in most respects to that
established over the Dominican Republic. It provides further for the
appointment, on the nomination of the President of the United States,
of a financial adviser, who shall assist in the settlement of the
foreign debt and direct expenditures of the surplus for the development
of the agricultural, mineral, and commercial resources of the republic.
It provides further for a native constabulary under American officers
appointed by the President of Haiti upon nomination by the President of
the United States. It further extends to Haiti the main provisions of
the Platt amendment. By controlling the internal financial
administration of the government the United States hopes to remove all
incentives for those revolutions which have in the past had for their
object a raid on the public treasury, and by controlling the customs
and maintaining order the United States hopes to avoid all possibility
of foreign intervention. The treaty is to remain in force for a period
of ten years and for another period of ten years if either party
presents specific reasons for continuing it on the ground that its
purpose has not been fully accomplished.

Prior to the Roosevelt administration the Monroe Doctrine was regarded
by the Latin-American states as solely a protective policy. The United
States did not undertake to control the financial administration or the
foreign policy of any of these republics. It was only after their
misconduct had gotten them into difficulty and some foreign power, or
group of foreign powers, was on the point of demanding reparation by
force that the United States stepped in and undertook to see to it that
foreign intervention did not take the form of occupation of territory
or interference in internal politics. The Monroe Doctrine has always
been in principle a policy of American intervention