e_ in the past potential of _to be_.)

PAST TENSE--PASSIVE VOICE

(Substitute _be seen_ for _be_ in the past potential of _to be_.)

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE--ACTIVE VOICE

_Simple_

(Substitute _have seen_ for _be_ in the present potential of _to
be_.)

_Progressive_

(Substitute _have been seeing_ for _be_ in the present potential
of _to be_.)

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE--PASSIVE VOICE

(Substitute _have been seen_ for _be_ in the present potential of
_to be_.)

PAST PERFECT TENSE--ACTIVE VOICE

_Simple_

(Substitute _have seen_ for _be_ in the past potential of _to be_.)

_Progressive_

(Substitute _have been seeing_ for _be_ in the past potential of
_to be_.)

PAST PERFECT TENSE--PASSIVE VOICE

(Substitute _have been seen_ for _be_ in the past potential of _to
be_.)

IMPERATIVE MODE

ACTIVE VOICE

_Simple_

_see_.

_Emphatic_

_do see_.

_Progressive_

_be seeing_.

PASSIVE VOICE

_be seen_

INFINITIVE MODE

PRESENT TENSE--ACTIVE VOICE

_Simple_

_to see._

_Progressive_

_to be seeing._

PRESENT TENSE--PASSIVE VOICE

_Simple_

_to be seen_

PERFECT TENSE--ACTIVE VOICE

_Simple_

_to have seen._

_Progressive_

_to have been seeing._

PERFECT TENSE--PASSIVE VOICE

_Simple_

_to have been seen._

PARTICIPLES

PRESENT TENSE--ACTIVE VOICE

_seeing_

PRESENT TENSE--PASSIVE VOICE

_being seen_

PAST TENSE--PASSIVE VOICE[*]

_seen_

[Footnote *: There is no past participle in the active voice.]

PERFECT TENSE--ACTIVE VOICE

_Simple_

_having seen_

_Progressive_

_having been seeing_

PERFECT TENSE--PASSIVE VOICE

_having been seen_

GERUNDS

PRESENT TENSE--ACTIVE VOICE

_seeing_

PRESENT TENSE--PASSIVE VOICE

_being seen_

PERFECT TENSE--ACTIVE VOICE

_having seen_

PERFECT TENSE--PASSIVE VOICE

_having been seen_

CHAPTER VI

CONNECTIVES: RELATIVE PRONOUNS, RELATIVE ADVERBS, CONJUNCTIONS,
AND PREPOSITIONS

78. INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT CLAUSES. A sentence may consist of
two or more independent clauses, or it may consist of one principal
clause and one or more dependent clauses.

INDEPENDENT CLAUSES are joined by conjunctions; such as, _hence,
but, and, although_, etc.

DEPENDENT CLAUSES are joined to the sentence by relative adverbs;
such as, _where, when_, etc., or by relative pronouns; as, _who,
what_, etc. These dependent clauses may have the same office in
the sentence as nouns, pronouns, adjectives,