ngland, France, Italy, Austria, etc.

Parliamentarism, in Great Britain, 143;
in German Empire, 213;
in Prussia, 254;
in Austria, 464-465, 480-481;
in Hungary, 498;
in Belgium, 536-537;
in Denmark, 560-562;
in Norway, 581;
in Sweden, 591.

Parties, rise in England, 38-39;
history in England, 143-166;
in Germany, 229-240;
in France, 329-333;
in Italy, 391-402;
in Switzerland, 434-437;
in Austria, 475-483;
in Hungary, 500-505;
in Holland, 529-530;
in Denmark, 565-568;
in Norway, 585-587;
in Sweden, 592-600;
in Spain, 620-625;
in Portugal, 631-633, 639-642.

Plural vote, in England, 88-90;
in Austria, 468;
in Belgium, 550-551.

Portugal:--
--Administration, organization under monarchy, 638-639;
under republic, 646.

--Arriaga, Manoel, elected president, 642.

--Bonaparte, Napoleon, subjugation by, 629.

--Braga, Theophile, leader of provisional government, 641.

--Braganza, house of, proscribed, 641-642.

--Brazil, relation with, 629.

--Chagas, Joao, ministry, 642.

--Charter, of 1826, 630;
revised, 631.

--Chartist Party, 630-631.

--Commune, organization, 638-639.

--Congress, composition and powers, 645-646.

--Constitution, of 1826, 630;
revision of 1852, 631;
character under monarchy, 634-635;
of republic framed, 642-643;
nature, 643;
amendment, 643.

--Cortes, extinct at opening of nineteenth century, 629;
revival, 630-631;
party strength under monarchy, 633-634;
renewed in 1908, 634;
composition under monarchy, 636-638.

--Council of Municipalities, composition and powers, 645-646.

--Courts, under monarchy, 638;
under republic, 646.

--Crown, status prior to 1910, 635-636.

--_Dictadura_, of France, 633-634.

--District, organization, 638-639.

--Elections, of 1906, 633;
system prior to 1910, 637;
of 1910, 640;
provision for in decree of 1911, 641-642.

--Franchise, under monarchy, 637;
under decree of 1911, 642.

--Franco, dictatorship, 633-634.

--House of Deputies, under monarchy, 636-637.

--House of Peers, under monarchy, 636-637.

--Judiciary. See Courts.

--Liberal Concentration, of 1906, 633.

--Manoel II., overthrow, 641.

--Miguel, assumption of crown, 630.

--Ministry, status prior to 1910, 635-636;
under the republic,