lace are legion; for what the
inventor cannot achieve in one way he can in another. There remains
however the fact that the productions of machinery can never possess
the charm of the real hand-made work. Machine-made lace is stiffer
than hand-made lace.

FOOTNOTES:

[19] The testing apparatus may be obtained from any textile
manufacturing company, such as Alfred Suter, 487 Broadway, New York.

[20] A cam is a device consisting of a special shaped wheel attached
to a machine to give a special kind of motion or movement.

EXPERIMENTS

=Experiment 1--Construction of Cloth=

Apparatus: Pick glass, dissecting pin,[21] foot-rule.
Materials: 4 square inches of burlap.
References: _Textiles._ See page 54, Weaving; page 1, Fibers.

_Directions_

1. Look at the cloth under the pick glass and describe the appearance
and structure of its interlacing threads, called weave.

2. With a pin separate the interlacing threads of the cloth which are
called _warp_ and _filling_. _Warp_ is composed of yarn running in the
direction of the length of the cloth. _Filling_ is composed of yarn
running at right angles to the warp.

_a._ What are the interlacing threads of cloth called?

_b._ Of what is warp composed and in what direction do
the warp threads extend? filling?

3. Notice the appearance of the individual threads (called _yarn_) of
the warp and filling. Test the strength of the yarn by trying to break
it.

4. Untwist one of the warp threads and one of the filling threads.
Notice whether the yarn becomes stronger or weaker as it is untwisted.
What effect has twist on the yarn?

5. After untwisting one of the threads what remains? Measure the
length of several of these ends called _fibers_. Describe the
appearance of the fiber as to curl, feel, fineness, etc.

_Questions_

1. Of what does yarn consist?

2. What causes the fibers to cling together?

3. What is the process called by which two sets of threads interlace?

4. When two sets of threads interlace or are woven what is produced?

=Experiment 2--Plain or Homespun Weave=

Apparatus: Hand loom,[22] two pencils, scissors.
Material: Yarn of two colors.
Reference: _Textiles_, page 58.

_Directions_

1. Make a warp on the hand loom with green yarn by having parallel
threads running the longest way of the loom to the notches.

2. A _harness_ is a framework on a loom used for raising certain warp
thread