ls: Cotton and woolen
fabrics. Reference: _Textiles_, page 242.

_Directions_

1. Colored goods and printed fabrics should withstand the action of
washing. They require more care than white goods and should be soaked
in cold water containing very little soap and no soda. They should be
dried in the shade as a very hot sun will fade them. If it is
necessary to dry them in the sun be sure that they are dried wrong
side out, as direct sunlight fades them about five times as much as
reflected light.

2. All colored fabrics should stand mechanical friction as well as the
action of soap liquor and the temperature of the washing operation. In
order to test the fabric for fastness a piece should be placed in a
soap solution similar to that used in the ordinary household, and
heated to 131 deg. F. The treatment should be repeated several times.

3. If the color fails to run it is fast to washing.

_Questions_

1. Why should more care be exercised in washing colored goods than
white?

2. How may colored fabrics be tested to show that they stand the
action of soap solution?

3. Does a moderately warm temperature (131 deg. F.) affect the fastness of
colored fabric?

=Experiment 38--Test of Fastness of Color under Friction=

Apparatus: Yarn, white unstarched cotton fabric.
Materials: Fabrics worn near the skin.
Reference: _Textiles_, page 242.

_Directions_

Stockings, hosiery yarns, corset stuffs, and all fabrics intended to
be worn next to the skin must be closely knitted to withstand friction
and must not rub off, stain, or run, that is, the dyed materials must
not give off their color when worn next to the human epidermis (skin),
or in close contact with other articles of clothing, as in the case of
underwear.

In order to test two fabrics to see which is the better, it is
necessary to rub the fabric or yarn on white unstarched cotton fabric.

In comparing the fastness of color of two fabrics it is necessary to
have the rubbing equal in all cases.

_Questions_

1. What is meant by friction?

2. What is meant by the expression "fastness of color of two fabrics"?

3. How may the fastness of a colored material be tested to withstand
friction?

=Experiment 39--Test of Fastness of Color against Rain=

Apparatus: Water, undyed yarn.
Materials: Silk and woolen fabrics.
Reference: _Textiles_, page 243.

_Directions_

Silk and woolen materials for umbrella making, rai