ated through
a clean catheter, and the bladder thoroughly washed out with a solution
of 1 dram of borax in a quart of water. This must be repeated twice
daily until the urine no longer decomposes, because so long as ammonia
is developed in the bladder the protecting layer of epithelial cells
will be dissolved and the surface kept raw and irritable. The diet must
be light (bran mashes, roots, fresh grass), and the drink impregnated
with linseed tea, or solution of slippery elm or marsh mallow. The same
agents may be used to inject into the rectum, or they may even be used
along with borax and opium to inject into bladder (gum arabic 1 dram,
opium 1 dram, tepid water 1 pint). Fomentations over the loins are often
of great advantage, and these may be followed or alternated with the
application of mustard, as in paralysis; or the mustard may be applied
on the back part of the abdomen below or between the thighs from the
anus downward. Finally, when the acute symptoms have subsided, a daily
dose of buchu 1 dram and nux vomica one-half dram will serve to restore
lost tone.

IRRITABLE BLADDER.

Some horses, and especially mares, show an irritability of the bladder
and nerve centers presiding over it by frequent urination in small
quantities, though the urine is not manifestly changed in character and
no more than the natural quantity is passed in the twenty-four hours.
The disorder appears to have its source quite as frequently in the
generative or nervous system as in the urinary. A troublesome and
dangerous form is seen in mares, which dash off and refuse all control
by the rein if driven with a full bladder, but usually prove docile if
the bladder has been emptied before hitching. In other cases the
excitement connected with getting the tail over the reins is a powerful
determining cause. The condition is marked in many mares during the
period of heat.

An oleaginous laxative (castor oil 1 pint) will serve to remove any
cause of irritation in the digestive organs, and a careful dieting will
avoid continued irritation by acrid vegetable agents. The bladder should
be examined to see that there is no stone or other cause of irritation,
and the sheath and penis should be washed with soapsuds, any sebaceous
matter removed from the bilocular cavity at the end of the penis, and
the whole lubricated with sweet oil. Irritable mares should be induced
to urinate before they are harnessed, and those that clutch the lines
under th