catheter. This determined, the open urachus may be
firmly closed by a stout, waxed thread, carried with a needle through
the tissues back of the opening and tied in front of it so as to inclose
as little skin as possible. If a portion of the naval string remains,
the tying of that may be all sufficient. It is important to tie as early
as possible so as to avoid inflammation of the navel from contact with
the urine. In summer a little carbolic-acid water or tar water may be
applied to keep the flies off.

EVERSION OF THE BLADDER.

This can occur only in the female. It consists in the turning of the
organ outside in through the channel of the urethra, so that it appears
as a red, pear-shaped mass hanging from the floor of the vulva and
protruding externally between its lips. It may be a mass like the fist,
or it may swell up to the size of an infant's head. On examining its
upper surface the orifices of the urethra maybe seen, one on each side,
a short distance behind the neck, with the urine oozing from them drop
by drop.

This displacement usually supervenes on a flaccid condition of the
bladder, the result of paralysis, overdistention, or severe compression
during a difficult parturition.

The protruding organ may be washed with a solution of 1 ounce of
laudanum and a teaspoonful of carbolic acid in a quart of water, and
returned by pressing a smooth, rounded object into the fundus and
directing it into the urethra, while careful pressure is made on the
surrounding parts with the other hand. If too large and resistant it may
be wound tightly in a strip of bandage about 2 inches broad to express
the great mass of blood and exudate and diminish the bulk of the
protruded organ so that it can be easily pushed back. This method has
the additional advantage of protecting the organ against bruises and
lacerations in the effort made to return it. After the return, straining
may be kept in check by giving laudanum (1 to 2 ounces) and by applying
a truss to press upon the lips of the vulva. (See Eversion of the womb.)
The patient should be kept in a stall a few inches lower in front than
behind, so that the action of gravity will favor retention.

[Illustration: PLATE XI.

CALCULI AND INSTRUMENT FOR REMOVAL.]

INFLAMMATION OF THE URETHRA (URETHRITIS, OR GLEET).

This affection belongs quite as much to the generative organs, yet it
can not be entirely overlooked in a treatise on urinary disorders. It
may be induced