ungsversuche, ist eine wahre
'Philosophie des Unbewussten' nicht des Hartmann'schen Unbewussten
welches hellsehend und wunderthaetig von aussen in die natuerliche
Entwickelung der Organismen eingreift, sondern eines Unbewussten
welches wie der Verfasser zeigt, in allen organischen Wesen
anzunehmen unsere eigene Erfahrung und die Stufenfolge der
Organismen von den Moneren und Amoeben bis zu den hoechsten
Pflanzen und Thieren und uns selbst aufwaerts--uns gestattet, wenn
nicht uns noethigt. Der Gedankengang dieser neuen oder wenigstens in
diesem Sinne wohl zum ersten Male consequent im Einzelnen
durchgefuehrten Philosophie des Unbewussten ist, seinen Hauptzuegen
nach kurz angedeutet, folgender."[27]

Even here I am made to personify more than I like; I do not wish to say
that the unconscious does this or that, but that when we have done this
or that sufficiently often we do it unconsciously.

If the foregoing be granted, and it be admitted that the unconsciousness
and seeming automatism with which any action may be performed is no bar
to its having a foundation in memory, reason, and at one time
consciously recognized effort--and this I believe to be the chief
addition which I have ventured to make to the theory of Buffon and Dr.
Erasmus Darwin--then the wideness of the difference between the
Darwinism of eighty years ago and the Darwinism of to-day becomes
immediately apparent, and it also becomes apparent, how important and
interesting is the issue which is raised between them.

According to the older Darwinism the lungs are just as purposive as the
corkscrew. They, no less than the corkscrew, are a piece of mechanism
designed and gradually improved upon and perfected by an intelligent
creature for the gratification of its own needs. True there are many
important differences between mechanism which is part of the body, and
mechanism which is no such part, but the differences are such as do not
affect the fact that in each case the result, whether, for example,
lungs or corkscrew, is due to desire, invention, and design.

And now I will ask one more question, which may seem, perhaps, to have
but little importance, but which I find personally interesting. I have
been told by a reviewer, of whom upon the whole I have little reason to
complain, that the theory I put forward in 'Life and Habit,' and which I
am now again insisting on, is pessimism--pure and simple. I h