the Rev. W. Newbould.

Jacquin figures an analogous case in _Sempervivum sediforme_,[152] in
which the branches of the inflorescence were prolonged into leafy
shoots.

Sometimes from the side of a flower-stalk or scape, which usually does
not bear leaves, those organs are produced. The common dandelion,
_Taraxacum_, sometimes offers an illustration of this, and also the
daisy (_Bellis_).[153] In a specimen of fasciated cowslip given me by
Mr. Edgeworth there was a similar formation of leaves on the flattened
stalk.

=Production of leaves or scales in place of flower-buds.=--The position
of the leaf and of the flower-buds respectively is, in most plants, well
defined, but occasionally it happens that the former is formed where,
under ordinary circumstances, the latter organ should be. This may
happen without the formation of any transitional organs between the two,
and without actual increase in the number of the buds. Where there is
evidently a passage from leaf-bud to flower-bud, or _vice versa_, the
case would be one of metamorphy. If the number of buds be augmented, or
they be mixed with the flower-buds, then it would be referable to leafy
prolification of the inflorescence. There remains a class of cases
wherein there is a complete substitution of one structure for the other,
it may be without the slightest indication of transition between the
two, and without any admixture of leaf-buds among flower-buds, or any
absolute increase in the number of organs, as in Prolification. Such a
case is represented in fig. 78, which shows a portion of the stem of a
species of _Valeriana_, bearing at the summit, not an inflorescence, but
a tuft of leaves without the slightest indication of flowers.

Drs. Hooker and Thomson relate that in Northern India the flowers of
_Anemone rivularis_ are very generally absent, and their place supplied
by tufts or umbels of leaves.[154] In the collection of the late Mr. N.
B. Ward was a specimen of lupin in which the flowers were all absent,
and their place supplied by tufts of leaves.

[Illustration: FIG. 78.--Tuft of leaves replacing the inflorescence in a
species of _Valeriana_.]

A similar appearance has been noticed in _Compositae_, and I owe to the
kindness of Professor Oliver the communication of a specimen of a
species of _Bidens_ from Peru, in which the capitula, instead of
consisting of florets, as usual, contained tufts of linear ciliolated
bracts within the involucre, without