e of this in sea-kale[169] (fig. 83) where the crown had been
injured, and buds were seen sprouting from its centre.

[Illustration: FIG. 83.--Adventitious buds in sea kale.]

[Illustration: FIG. 84.--Hyacinth bulb cut across to induce the
formation of new bulbs.]

[Illustration: FIG. 85.--Showing the formation of new bulbs on the cut
edges of an old hyacinth bulb.]

It will be remarked that the adventitious production of buds, like that
of roots, is very often consequent on decay or injury. The Dutch
bulb-growers have availed themselves of this latter circumstance in the
propagation of hyacinths. Mr. Fortune, who published some articles on
this subject in the 'Gardener's Chronicle,'[170] describes two special
modes as adopted by these skilful horticulturists--the one to make two
or three deep cuts at the base of the bulb, destroying the nascent
flower-stalk when, after a time, small bulbs are formed along the edges
of the cut surfaces (figs. 84, 85). The other method is effected by
scooping out the interior of the base of the bulb, thus leaving exposed
the cut ends of the sheathing leaves arranged concentrically; along
these lines the new bulbs are, after some time, formed in great numbers
(fig. 86).

[Illustration: FIG. 86.--Showing the production of small bulbs on the
inner surface of the scooped-out bulb of hyacinth.]

For the formation of supernumerary leaves on the surface of the normal
one, see Multiplication and Hypertrophy.

=Production of gemmae in place of spores.=--An instance of this is
recorded by Dr. Montagne[171] in the case of a moss, _Encamptodon
perichaetialis_, in which, in the interior of the capsule, in lieu of
spores numerous minute gemmae of the same nature as those in the cup of
_Marchantia_ were seen.

=Formation of flowers on leaves.=--It is very doubtful whether a
flower-bud has ever been found actually on a leaf. Mere adhesion of the
pedicels of the leaf, such as happens in _Ruscus_, in _Helwingia_,
_Erythrochiton hypophyllanthus_, and a few other plants, is, of course,
not really to be considered in the light of an actual growth from the
leaf, and it is very doubtful in the present state of our knowledge
whether the case of the Nepaul barley should find a place here, but for
convenience sake it is placed in this section, as it is uncertain at
present where it properly belongs.

[Illustration: FIG. 87.--Three-lobed end of outer palea of Nepaul barley
bearing supplementary florets.