urpassed, and is but twelve miles from tide water, at
Washington. This point is a most healthy and beautiful location,
surrounded by lands whose natural fertility was very great, and, in the
absence of slavery, must have been a vast manufacturing city. This water
power could move more spindles than are now worked on all this
continent.

AGRICULTURE AND MANUFACTURES.--The natural fertility of the
soil of Virginia far exceeded that of New York, with a more genial sun,
and much more favorable seasons for agricultural products, as well as
for stock. The number of acres of land in Virginia susceptible of
profitable culture, is nearly double that of New York, but much of it
has been impoverished by slave labor, scratching and exhausting the
soil, without manure or rotation of crops. The Census shows that
Virginia has all the products of New York, and cotton in addition.
Virginia produced, in 1860, 12,727 bales of cotton (Table 36), worth, at
present prices, nearly $3,000,000. She also adjoins the States of North
Carolina and Tennessee, producing, in 1850, 372,964 bales, worth, at
present prices, nearly $90,000,000. Virginia is also much nearer than
New York to all the other cotton States. With these vast advantages,
with her larger area, more fertile soil, cheaper subsistence, her coal
and iron and great hydraulic power, with so much cotton raised by
herself and in adjacent States, Virginia should have manufactured much
more cotton than New York. But, by the Census (Table 22), the value of
the cotton manufacture of Virginia in 1850 was $1,446,109, and in 1860,
$1,063,611--a decrease of one third. In New York, the value of the
cotton manufacture in 1850 was $5,019,323, and in 1860, $7,471,961, an
increase of over 48 per cent. So, if we look at the tables of mines,
manufactures, and the fisheries, with the vastly superior advantages of
Virginia, the whole product in 1860 was of the value of $51,300,000, and
of agriculture $68,700,000; while in New York these values were
respectively $379,633,560 and $226,376,440. (Tables of Census, 33 and
36.)

CLIMATE AND MORTALITY.--By Table 6, page 22, of the Census,
there were for the year ending June 1st, 1860, 46,881 deaths in New
York, being 1 in every 82 of the population, and 1.22 per cent. The
number of deaths in Virginia, in the same year, was 22,472, being 1 in
every 70 of the population, or 1.43 per cent. There was, then, a slight
difference in favor of New York. But Virginia is