g sided with the South, and was a member of the Confederate
Congress (1790-1862).

TYLER, WAT, a tiler in Dartford, Kent, who roused into rebellion the
long-discontented and over-taxed peasantry of England by striking dead in
1381 a tax-gatherer who had offered insult to his young daughter; under
Tyler and Jack Straw a peasant army was mustered in Kent and Essex, and a
descent made on London; the revolters were disconcerted by the tact of
the young king RICHARD II. (q. v.), and in a scuffle Tyler was
killed by Walworth, Mayor of London.

TYNDAL, JOHN, physicist, born in co. Carlow, Ireland; succeeded
Faraday at the Royal Institution; wrote on electricity, sound, light, and
heat, as well as on the "Structure and Motion of the Glaciers," in
opposition to Forbes, whose theory was defended in strong terms by
Ruskin; wrote also "Lectures on Science for Unscientific People," much
praised by Huxley (1820-1893).

TYNE, river of North England, formed by the confluence near Hexham
of the N. Tyne from the Cheviots, and the S. Tyne, which rises on Cross
Fell, in E. Cumberland; forms the boundary between Durham and
Northumberland, and after a course of 32 m. enters the sea between
Tynemouth and South Shields.

TYNEMOUTH (28 township, 46 borough), a popular watering-place of
Northumberland, at the mouth of the Tyne, 9 m. E. of Newcastle; has a
fine sweep of promenaded shore, an aquarium, pier, lighthouse, baths,
&c.; North Shields and several villages lie within the borough
boundaries.

TYPHON, in the Greek mythology a fire-breathing giant, struck by a
thunderbolt of Jupiter, and buried under Etna.

TYRANTS, in ancient Greece men who usurped or acquired supreme
authority in a State at some political crisis, who were despotic in their
policy, but not necessarily cruel, often the reverse.

TYRCONNEL, RICHARD TALBOT, EARL OF, a Catholic politician and
soldier, whose career during the reigns of Charles II. and James II. is a
record of infamous plotting and treachery in support of the Catholic
Stuarts; was created an earl and lord-deputy of Ireland by James II.;
fled to France after the battle of the Boyne (1625-1691).

TYRE, a famous city of ancient PHOENICIA (q. v.), about 30
m. N. of Acre; comprised two towns, one on the mainland, the other on an
island opposite; besieged and captured in 332 B.C. by Alexander the
Great, who connected the towns by a causeway, which, by silting sands,
has grown into the present