aller in all the specimens we have examined, and the
stipitate habit very marked.

New England, New York, south to South Carolina, and west to South
Dakota; our finest specimens are from Missouri.

3. TUBIFERA CASPARYI (_Rost._) _Macbr._

PLATE XII., Fig. 9.

1876. _Siphoptychium casparyi_ Rost., _Mon. App._, p. 32.

Sporangia closely crowded, tubular, cylindric or prismatic by mutual
pressure, connate, the apices rounded, convex, covered by a continuous
membrane, umber-brown; the peridia firm, persistent, minutely granular,
iridescent; hypothallus well developed, thin, brown, explanate;
pseudo-columellae erect, rigid, traversing many of the sporangia, and in
some instances bound back to the peridial walls by slender, membranous
bands or threads, a pseudo-capillitium; spore-mass dark brown or umber,
spores by transmitted light pale, globose, reticulate, 7.5-9 mu.

This is _Siphoptychium casparyi_ Rost. In _Bot. Gaz._, XV., p. 319, Dr.
Rex shows that the relationships of the species are with _Tubifera_;
that the so-called columella is probably an abortive sporangium, the
so-called capillitial threads having no homology with the capillitial
threads of the true columelliferous forms. It is a good species of
_Tubifera_, nothing more. The tubules are shorter than in either of the
preceding species; the spores are darker, larger, and more thoroughly
reticulate.

The plasmodium is given by Dr. Rex, _l. c._, as white, then "dull gray
tinged with sienna color," then various tones of sienna-brown, to the
dark umber of the mature aethalium.

New York, Adirondack Mountains; Allamakee Co., Iowa.

=3. Alwisia= _Berk. & Br._

PLATE XIX., Figs. 5 and 5 _a_.

1873. _Alwisia_ Berk. & Br., _Jour. Linn. Soc._, Vol. XIV., p. 86.

Sporangia ellipsoidal, clustered, stipitate; dehiscence by the falling
away of the upper part of the peridium disclosing a persisting pencil of
capillitial threads. A single species:--

1. ALWISIA BOMBARDA _Berk. & Br._

1873. _Alwisia bombarda_ Berk. & Br., _Jour. Linn. Soc._, XIV., p. 86.

Sporangia gathered in clusters of four to eight, surmounting coalescent,
or sometimes divergent stalks, rusty-brown, or pallid, the peridium
evanescent above; the coalescing stalks forming, especially below, a
clustered column, 2 mm. in height, equalling the sporangia, dull
reddish-brown in color; capillitium of rigid, tubular, generally simple
threads, attaching above by delicate tips, below by a