the revolution. But the
boldest condemnation proceeded from Rome itself. The Popes, it is well
known, hesitate not to use the proper terms when there is question of
stigmatizing iniquity. No matter though they be at the mercy of those whom
they brand, they define each error and each act of injustice with the same
precision as in writing a theological thesis. Pius IX., who was mildness
itself, more than once startles the delicate ear by the liberty of his
language, so different from the minced and often ambiguous style of
diplomacy. On the 30th of December, the official journal of Rome published
the following note: "There appeared lately at Paris an anonymous pamphlet,
entitled, '_The Pope and the Congress_.' This pamphlet is nothing else
than homage paid to the revolution--an insidious thesis addressed to those
weak minds who have no sure _criterium_ by which they can detect the
poison which it holds concealed, and a subject of sorrow to all good
Catholics. The arguments contained in this writing are only a reproduction
of the errors and outrages so often hurled against the Holy See, and so
often victoriously refuted. If it was the object of the author, perchance,
to intimidate him whom he threatens with such great disasters, he can rest
assured that he who has right on his side, who seeks no other support than
the solid and immovable foundations of justice, and who is sustained
especially by the protection of the King of kings, has certainly nothing
to fear from the snares of men."

On 1st January, 1860, Pius IX., in his reply to the complimentary address
of General Goyon, who commanded the French military at Rome, characterized
the pamphlet as "a signal monument of hypocrisy, and an unworthy tissue of
contradictions." The Holy Father further observed, before expressing his
good wishes for the Emperor, the Empress, the Prince Imperial, and all
France, that the principles enunciated in the pamphlet were condemned by
several papers which his Imperial Majesty had some time before been so
good as to send to him. A few days later the _Moniteur_ published a letter
of the Emperor to the Pope, dated 31st December, 1859, in which the former
renews his hypocritical expressions of devotedness, but admits, at the
same time, that "notwithstanding the presence of his troops at Rome, and
his dutiful affection to the Holy See, he could not avoid a certain
partnership in the effects of the national movement provoked in Italy by
the war